Paradigmatic shifts in anthropological theory shape the ways in which play and ritual are conceptualized. By demarcating these shifts, the argument is made that an analysis of both play and ritual must start with the possibility of choice as distributed among participants who engage in play and ritual as forms of social practice. Taking the dynamics of framing in play and ritual and the patterns emerging in social interaction as a point of departure, the configuration of ‘fractal dynamics’ is introduced to relate play and rituals as emerging through recursive processes of framing social interaction. Based on rituals of saint veneration among Arab Alawites in southernmost Turkey, it is argued that not only are forms of ritual interaction among devotees at pilgrimage sites playful but also that ritual interactions of devotees with the saint are a form of existential play of chance and disguise. By taking into account the myth and social cosmology that institutes such rituals of veneration and interaction with the saint, it is concluded that these rituals of veneration and interaction with the saint as a non-human agent play with frames of reference. This is done in similar ways, as when the saint acts as a trickster or symbolic type and is perceived by devotees as playing with their perception through disguise and simulation. The reconfiguration of play and ritual through ‘fractal dynamics’ does not only explain the changing dynamics of social configurations in religious interactions with non-human agents, but it also helps to account for probability and choice—and simulation and disguise—in social situations that border the religious and mundane.

中文翻译：

---

在崇拜仪式中使用参照系：与穆斯林圣人相遇时的分形动力学

人类学理论的范式转变决定了游戏和仪式的概念化方式。通过划分这些变化，可以得出这样的论点，即对游戏和仪式的分析都必须从选择的可能性开始，这种选择是在参与游戏和仪式作为社会实践形式的参与者之间分配的。以游戏和仪式框架的动态以及社会互动中出现的模式为出发点，引入“分形动力学”的配置，通过框架社会互动的递归过程，将游戏和仪式相关联。根据土耳其最南端的阿拉伯阿拉维派教徒的圣礼仪式，有人认为，不仅朝圣者的奉献者之间的仪式互动形式是有趣的，而且奉献者与圣人之间的仪式互动也是机会和乔装的存在性游戏形式。考虑到神话和社会宇宙论提出了这种崇敬和与圣徒互动的仪式，因此得出结论，这些崇敬和与圣徒作为非人类代理人互动的仪式具有参照框架。这可以通过类似的方式来完成，例如当圣徒充当骗子或象征性人物并被奉献者视为通过变相和模拟玩弄他们的看法时。通过“分形动力”对游戏和仪式的重新配置不仅解释了与非人类主体的宗教互动中社会形态变化的动力，