Previous research has shown that an advantaged social class position protects individuals from unemployment, but less is known about how this relationship has developed after the turn of the millennium, how it varies by gender and to what extent education contributes to the association between these factors. We assess these questions using register-based data on the Finnish labour force over a 28-year period between 1988 and 2015. The overall risk of unemployment was 2.7–3.7-fold among manual classes compared to upper non-manual classes, and 1.4–1.7-fold among lower compared to upper non-manual classes. Controlling for education attenuated the differences between social classes by about two-thirds. Social class disparities were somewhat more distinct among men than among women, but gender differences narrowed over time. Overall, temporal changes were small, especially among men, except for a curvilinear pattern observed for the relative unemployment risk of the lower non-manual class. To conclude, despite a comparatively egalitarian context and drastic changes in economic conditions and labour market structures over time, social stratification in unemployment has been substantial and considerably persistent. This is in line with the conceptualization of social class underpinning differing employment relations and, therefore, inherently creating variation in labour market risks.

中文翻译：

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社会阶层和失业风险：趋势、性别差异和教育的贡献

先前的研究表明，有利的社会阶级地位可以保护个人免于失业，但人们对这种关系在千禧年之后如何发展、它如何因性别而变化以及教育在多大程度上有助于这些因素之间的关联知之甚少。我们使用 1988 年至 2015 年 28 年间芬兰劳动力的登记数据评估这些问题。与非体力劳动者相比，体力劳动者的总体失业风险是非体力劳动者的 2.7-3.7 倍，1.4-与较高的非手工类相比，较低的类是 1.7 倍。对教育的控制将社会阶层之间的差异缩小了约三分之二。男性之间的社会阶层差异比女性更明显，但性别差异随着时间的推移而缩小。全面的，时间变化很小，尤其是在男性中，除了较低的非手工类的相对失业风险所观察到的曲线模式。总而言之，尽管相对平等的背景以及经济状况和劳动力市场结构随着时间的推移发生了巨大变化，但失业的社会分层一直很严重且相当持久。这与支撑不同雇佣关系的社会阶层的概念一致，因此，固有地造成劳动力市场风险的变化。失业的社会分层很严重，而且相当持久。这与支撑不同雇佣关系的社会阶级的概念一致，因此，固有地造成劳动力市场风险的变化。失业方面的社会分层很严重，而且相当持久。这与支撑不同雇佣关系的社会阶层的概念一致，因此，固有地造成劳动力市场风险的变化。