This text is an excerpt from the definition of “Japhetic languages” provided by Marr in 1931. Its first appearance as an entry in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia reflects the extent of Marr’s influence within the Soviet Academy at the culmination of his career. The text is representative of the later iterations of “Japhetidology” or the “Japhetic theory”, concepts which Marr never ceased to modify. The entry contains a brief overview of the scope of languages that fall under the purview of the “Japhetic”. Marr insists on treating them as a system rather than as a linguistic family. He stresses the dependence of languages on societal change, as well as the man-made nature of language more broadly. Much space is devoted to wresting the term “Japhetic” from its initial association with the biblical account of the origin of nations, justifying its continued use in a manner drained of these earlier associations. This is achieved partly through the claim that the initially genetic “Japhetic theory” has been transcended by the “New Teaching on language”. Following this theoretical shift, languages may henceforth be considered as “Japhetic” based on shared formal or “systemic” properties, rather than on account of common descent. One of the admissible uses of “Japhetic” is to describe Marr’s school of linguistics in opposition to Indo-European scholarship, which continues to map divisions of language onto divisions of race.

这段文字摘自马尔在 1931 年提供的“雅弗特语”定义。它作为《伟大的苏联百科全书》的条目首次出现反映了马尔在其职业生涯的巅峰时期在苏联学院的影响程度。该文本代表了“Japhetidology”或“Japhetic 理论”的后期迭代，Marr 从未停止修改这些概念。该条目包含对“Japhetic”范围内语言范围的简要概述。马尔坚持将它们视为一个系统而不是一个语言家族。他强调语言对社会变革的依赖性，以及更广泛的语言的人为性质。很多篇幅都致力于将“Japhetic”一词从最初与圣经对国家起源的描述联系起来，以消除这些早期关联的方式证明其继续使用的合理性。这部分是通过声称最初发生的“雅弗特理论”已被“新语言教学”超越的说法实现的。在这种理论转变之后，语言可能会被认为是基于共享的正式或“系统”属性的“雅弗特”，而不是基于共同血统。“Japhetic”的一个可接受的用法是描述马尔的语言学派反对印欧学术，后者继续将语言的划分映射到种族的划分上。从此以后，语言可能会被视为基于共享的正式或“系统”属性的“雅弗特”，而不是基于共同血统。“Japhetic”的一个可接受的用法是描述马尔的语言学派反对印欧学术，后者继续将语言的划分映射到种族的划分上。从此以后，语言可能会被视为基于共享的正式或“系统”属性的“雅弗特”，而不是基于共同血统。“Japhetic”的一个可接受的用法是描述马尔的语言学派反对印欧学术，后者继续将语言的划分映射到种族的划分上。