ABSTRACT

After a quarter-century during which it was a relatively rare phenomenon, external military intervention is now a common occurrence during contemporary civil war. Research has highlighted the additional challenges that this poses for peacemaking, but to date has not identified evidence to inform mediators assisting negotiations to resolve internationalized civil conflict. This paper addresses this inadequacy by undertaking a structured, focused comparison of a series of mediation processes in six internationalized civil wars during in the 1980s. I find that effective mediation in this era involved now unfamiliar negotiation process designs related to the types of mandates issued to mediators, participation arrangements for talks and strategic choices on how to best sequence and symbiotically link the external and internal dimensions of civil war negotiations. Likewise, internationalized civil wars introduce a distinct class of issues for negotiation, including troop withdrawals and curtailing outside military assistance, non-intervention pledges, possible foreign policy reform of the civil war state and bespoke international roles in implementation. The paper closes by considering the issue of ripeness in relation to internationalized civil wars and the possible applications of these findings to contemporary mediation processes.

摘要

在经历了 25 年相对罕见的现象之后，外部军事干预现在在当代内战中已司空见惯。研究强调了这对建立和平带来的额外挑战，但迄今为止还没有发现证据可以告知调解人协助谈判以解决国际化的国内冲突。本文通过对 1980 年代六次国际化内战中的一系列调解过程进行结构化、集中的比较来解决这一不足。我发现这个时代的有效调解涉及现在不熟悉的与向调解员发出的授权类型相关的谈判过程设计，关于如何最好地安排和共生地连接内战谈判的外部和内部层面的会谈和战略选择的参与安排。同样，国际化内战引入了一类独特的谈判问题，包括撤军和削减外部军事援助、不干预承诺、内战国家可能的外交政策改革以及在实施中的定制国际角色。本文最后考虑了与国际化内战相关的成熟度问题以及这些发现在当代调解过程中的可能应用。内战国家可能的外交政策改革以及在实施过程中的国际角色。本文最后考虑了与国际化内战相关的成熟度问题以及这些发现在当代调解过程中的可能应用。内战国家可能的外交政策改革以及在实施过程中的国际角色。本文最后考虑了与国际化内战相关的成熟度问题以及这些发现在当代调解过程中的可能应用。