ABSTRACT

In aligning its priorities around the Sustainable Development Goals, UNESCO officially acknowledges the need to reconcile the market and heritage. Yet inscriptions of commercial practices on the Intangible Cultural Heritage lists are qualified as ‘traumatic’ by actors that design normative principles for ‘good’ heritage governance. Based on ethnographic observations of the meetings of the governing bodies of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, I analyse the controversies generated by the ‘risks of over-commercialization’, shedding light on the disputed entanglements between ICH and the market. In exploring the notion of ‘commercialization without over-commercialization’ meant to resolve the tension between heritage and the market, I highlight how ‘over-commercialization’ refers to notions of ‘misappropriation’ and ‘decontextualization’ and the ways it, therefore, intersects with the logics of Intellectual Property. This allows to elucidate a constitutive ambiguity in the implementation of the Convention, torn between the rationalities of heritage and property regimes.

摘要

在围绕可持续发展目标调整优先事项时，教科文组织正式承认需要调和市场和遗产。然而，非物质文化遗产名录上的商业实践被为“良好”遗产治理设计规范性原则的行为者定性为“创伤性”。基于对《保护非物质文化遗产公约》理事机构会议的人种学观察，我分析了“过度商业化的风险”所产生的争议，揭示了非物质文化遗产与市场之间有争议的纠葛。在探索旨在解决遗产与市场之间紧张关系的“商业化而不过度商业化”的概念时，我强调了“过度商业化”如何指代“盗用”和“去上下文化”的概念，以及它与知识产权逻辑相交的方式。这有助于阐明公约实施过程中在遗产和财产制度的合理性之间左右为难的构成性模糊。