ABSTRACT

Conflict in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has been a dominant theme over the past half century; yet, cultural heritage continues to be generally overlooked by mainstream post-war reconstruction practices and policies – perceived and treated as a luxury that cannot be afforded by societies coping with multiple over-riding priorities during conflict. After analysing the inherent interconnectedness of war and cultural heritage, this paper unearths nine specific deficiencies in policies, practices, and their implications. It then draws upon the efforts to protect and recover cultural heritage, and broader processes of post-war reconstruction, to offer ways forward through critical lessons that seek to advance academic discourse and act as guidance for good practice. These lessons emphasise the need for: a shared vision; integration of cultural heritage into the wider responses; sustained political and financial support; local capacity; participation of Indigenous actors; recognition of complementarity between replacement and conservation approaches; prioritisation of quality over speed of recovery; conservation codes and legislation; and finally, appreciation of belief and religion.

摘要

在过去的半个世纪中，中东和北非（MENA）地区的冲突一直是主要主题。然而，战后主流主流重建实践和政策仍然普遍忽视了文化遗产-人们认为并把它视为奢侈品，社会在冲突期间无法应对多重重中之重。在分析了战争与文化遗产的内在联系之后，本文揭示了政策，实践及其影响方面的九个具体缺陷。然后，它利用保护和恢复文化遗产的努力以及战后重建的更广泛过程，为通过重要课程提供前进的途径，这些课程旨在促进学术讨论并为良好实践提供指导。这些课程强调了以下需求：共同的愿景；将文化遗产纳入更广泛的对策中；持续的政治和财政支持；当地能力；土著行为者的参与；认识到替代和保护方法之间的互补性；质量优先于恢复速度；养护守则和立法；最后，是对信仰和宗教的欣赏。