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Perceived to slack: secondary securitization and multilateral treaty ratification in Israel
International Interactions ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-08 , DOI: 10.1080/03050629.2020.1797715
Eyal Rubinson 1 , Tal Sadeh 2
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

This study emphasizes the place that cognitive processes rather than objective concerns have in ratification of multilateral treaties. We argue that secondary securitization by non-security experts hinders treaty ratification. When security is at stake, the potential costs of undesired action by the treaty’s IO are deemed higher, risk-aversion increases, and asymmetry among the member states’ policy perceptions is greater. Thus, our secondary securitization model improves over existing explanations of multilateral treaty ratification by assuming that national selfishness drives treaty (non)ratification, but not necessarily in a rational way. We support our argument with survival analysis regarding the ratification process in Israel of 243 treaties, based on documents retrieved from official archives, and controlling for a variety of competing explanations. We break securitization into objective and subjective components and correct for the possibility of undocumented acts of securitization. Our results are robust to all this. We follow with discourse and content analysis of official discussions of three human rights treaties (ICCPR, ICESCR, and CEDAW). We innovate theoretically by distinguishing secondary from primary securitization, and by combining Securitization and Principal-Agent theories. We believe our results travel well for other countries in which security concerns overshadow aspect of civilian life, and IOs are regarded with suspicion.



中文翻译:

感到懈怠:以色列的次级证券化和多边条约批准

摘要

这项研究强调了认知过程而不是客观关注在批准多边条约中的地位。我们认为,非安全专家的二次证券化会阻碍条约的批准。当安全受到威胁时,条约IO采取不希望采取的行动的潜在成本被认为更高,风险规避增加,并且成员国的政策认知之间的不对称性也更大。因此,我们的二级证券化模型通过假设国家自私驱动条约(非)批准,但不一定以理性的方式,改进了对多边条约批准的现有解释。我们以生存分析为依据,对有关243个条约在以色列的批准过程进行了生存分析,以支持这一论点,根据从官方档案中获得的文件 并控制各种有争议的解释。我们将证券化分为客观和主观两部分,并纠正无证证券化行为的可能性。我们的结果对所有这些都是可靠的。接下来,我们对三种人权条约(《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》,《经济,社会,文化权利国际公约》和《消除对妇女歧视公约》)的正式讨论进行了话语和内容分析。我们通过区分次级证券化和初级证券化,以及结合证券化和委托-代理理论在理论上进行创新。我们认为我们的结果对于其他国家来说是行之有效的,在这些国家中,安全方面的担忧掩盖了平民生活的方方面面,而IO被怀疑。接下来,我们对三种人权条约(《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》,《经济,社会,文化权利国际公约》和《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》)的正式讨论进行了话语和内容分析。我们通过区分次级证券化和初级证券化,以及结合证券化和委托-代理理论在理论上进行创新。我们认为我们的结果对于其他国家来说是行之有效的,在这些国家中,安全方面的担忧掩盖了平民生活的方方面面,而IO被怀疑。接下来,我们对三种人权条约(《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》,《经济,社会,文化权利国际公约》和《消除对妇女歧视公约》)的正式讨论进行了话语和内容分析。我们通过区分次级证券化和初级证券化,以及结合证券化和委托-代理理论在理论上进行创新。我们认为我们的结果对于其他国家来说是行之有效的,在这些国家中,安全方面的担忧掩盖了平民生活的方方面面,而IO被怀疑。

更新日期:2020-09-08
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