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Film trade diplomacy between France and the United States: American and European policies toward the motion picture industry 1945–1971
Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research ( IF 2.541 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 , DOI: 10.1080/13511610.2020.1838263
Jens Ulff-Møller 1
Affiliation  

France has been the main adversary of Hollywood's dominance of the moving image. Using France as an example, the aim of this article is to demonstrate that Hollywood's dominant position in exports is a direct consequence of collusion and monopolistic trade practices among the eight Hollywood corporations in combination with unconditional diplomatic backing. The corporate offices in Manhattan exercised monopolistic power and control over film distribution and exhibition in the U.S. as well as abroad. Their mass production of films aimed at maximizing profits, thereby obstructing innovation in Europe. Primary sources in the U.S. National Archives from the period 1945–1971 demonstrate that Hollywood's trade association, the Motion Picture Association (MPAA), obtained massive diplomatic support from the U.S. Department of State to fend off opposition to Hollywood exports, especially French policies of cultural protectionism, which gained support in trade discussions in the GATT, the OECD, and the EEC.



中文翻译:

法国和美国之间的电影贸易外交:美国和欧洲对电影业的政策,1945-1971年

法国一直是好莱坞在运动图像上的主导地位的主要对手。以法国为例,本文的目的是证明好莱坞在出口中的主导地位是八家好莱坞公司之间勾结和垄断贸易做法的直接结果,加上无条件的外交支持。曼哈顿的公司办事处对美国及国外的电影发行和放映行使垄断权和控制权。他们的电影批量生产旨在最大程度地提高利润,从而阻碍了欧洲的创新。1945年至1971年期间,美国国家档案馆的主要资料显示,好莱坞的行业协会电影协会(MPAA)获得了美国的大量外交支持。

更新日期:2021-01-13
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