ABSTRACT

From the 1930s to the late 1970s, American archaeologists pursued a paired agenda of science and salvage such that their focus on logical positivism converged with US foreign policy towards international technical assistance. River basin salvage archaeology, pioneered in the US by the Tennessee Valley Authority and exported to the Middle East in the 1950s, was a prime example of American Cold War techno-politics that accompanied other international aid and technical assistance programmes. Amphitheaters of archaeology along the Nile and Euphrates were fertile testing grounds for the development of what became known as the ‘New Archaeology’, but also new deals, new science, infrastructure, and agriculture within a Cold War setting, so that monumental heritage and dam projects became flashpoints between American visions for the Middle East and attempts by UNESCO to maintain the spirit of internationalism.

摘要

从 1930 年代到 70 年代后期，美国考古学家追求科学与打捞的配对议程，以至于他们对逻辑实证主义的关注与美国对国际技术援助的外交政策趋于一致。流域打捞考古学由田纳西河谷管理局在美国开创，并于 1950 年代出口到中东，是美国冷战技术政治与其他国际援助和技术援助计划相结合的典型例子。尼罗河和幼发拉底河沿岸的考古学圆形剧场是后来被称为“新考古学”的发展的沃土试验场，也是冷战背景下的新交易、新科学、基础设施和农业，