ABSTRACT

This paper examines American physical anthropologist Harry Shapiro’s anthropometric fieldwork on Pitcairn Island in 1934–1935 to argue for hospitality as a vital subject of and analytic framework for histories of anthropological fieldwork. Attention to hospitality as a historically situated mode by which locals engaged their guests makes visible the larger structures and contexts in which fieldwork took place. Specific hospitable forms emerged on Pitcairn Island as the result of iterative encounter with outside investigators, including sailors and agents of the colonial state. When Shapiro arrived as part of an American Museum of Natural History expedition in 1934, his investigation was accommodated and managed through an already elaborated script, shepherding him through a process of arrival, lodging, sightseeing, and sentimentalized departure. That script made possible the collection of anthropometric measurements and the gathering of genealogical data understood as forms of ‘gossip’. However, hospitality on Pitcairn also emerged as a practice for negotiating incommensurability and alterity, especially as investigator and subject understood in different ways the meanings and relative secrecy of the knowledge they co-produced. Ultimately, Shapiro’s ambivalent approach to the status of race as a scientific category was shaped by his encounter with Pitcairn’s local hospitable forms.

摘要

本文考察了美国体质人类学家哈里·夏皮罗 (Harry Shapiro) 于 1934 年至 1935 年在皮特凯恩岛进行的人体测量学田野调查，以证明好客是人类学田野调查历史的重要主题和分析框架。将款待作为当地人与客人互动的历史情境模式的关注，使实地工作发生的更大结构和背景变得可见。由于与外部调查人员（包括殖民国家的水手和特工）的反复接触，皮特凯恩岛上出现了特定的好客形式。当夏皮罗 (Shapiro) 于 1934 年作为美国自然历史博物馆探险队的一部分抵达时，他的调查是通过一个已经精心设计的脚本来安排和管理的，引导他完成到达、住宿、观光和感伤离开的过程。该脚本使收集人体测量数据和收集被理解为“八卦”形式的家谱数据成为可能。然而，皮特凯恩岛的热情好客也成为协商不可通约性和差异性的一种做法，尤其是当调查员和受试者以不同的方式理解他们共同生产的知识的意义和相对保密性时。最终，夏皮罗 (Shapiro) 对种族作为一个科学范畴的地位的矛盾态度是由他与皮特凯恩 (Pitcairn) 当地好客形式的遭遇所塑造的。特别是当调查员和受试者以不同的方式理解他们共同生产的知识的意义和相对保密性时。最终，夏皮罗 (Shapiro) 对种族作为一个科学范畴的地位的矛盾态度是由他与皮特凯恩 (Pitcairn) 当地好客形式的遭遇所塑造的。特别是当调查员和受试者以不同的方式理解他们共同生产的知识的意义和相对保密性时。最终，夏皮罗 (Shapiro) 对种族作为一个科学范畴的地位的矛盾态度是由他与皮特凯恩 (Pitcairn) 当地好客形式的遭遇所塑造的。