ABSTRACT

Research question: The research aims to identify the determinants of ‘coopetitive’ strategies compared to more competitive or cooperative ones, while examining the contingency of strategic choices to strategic groups. The focus is on French professional football over the 2006–2017 period. The contribution to the literature comes from using strategic groups and breaking down specific characteristics of player transactions in this industry.

Research methods: The methodology is based on an exploratory statistical analysis composed by cluster analysis. First, a Pearson's principal component analysis (PCA) is conducted, before using K-means classification.

Results and Findings: Results provide empirical evidence for a high contingency of strategic choices. The taxonomy found is closely related to the economic, financial and sporting characteristics of a club. Belonging to a specific class highly influences the strategy a club can implement. In addition, the diversity of club behaviours in the league are highlighted.

Implications: Our findings bring relevant information for practitioners about their strategies and the managerial implications of a potential reform of player transactions between teams. Indeed, FIFA is working on a reform to limit the number of outgoing loans that a team can use and better control the transfer system.

摘要

研究问题：该研究旨在确定与更具竞争性或合作性的战略相比的“竞争性”战略的决定因素，同时检查战略选择对战略群体的偶然性。2006-2017 年期间的重点是法国职业足球。对文献的贡献来自使用战略组和分解该行业参与者交易的特定特征。

研究方法：该方法基于由聚类分析组成的探索性统计分析。首先，在使用 K 均值分类之前进行 Pearson 主成分分析 (PCA)。

结果和发现：结果为战略选择的高度偶然性提供了经验证据。所发现的分类与俱乐部的经济、财务和体育特征密切相关。属于特定类别对俱乐部可以实施的策略有很大影响。此外，联赛中俱乐部行为的多样性也得​​到了强调。

启示：我们的研究结果为从业者提供了有关他们的策略以及球队之间球员交易潜在改革的管理影响的相关信息。事实上，国际足联正在进行一项改革，以限制一支球队可以使用的外借贷款数量，并更好地控制转会制度。