ABSTRACT

This study applies the theory of civic stratification to analyse how the integration of EU-10 and EU-3 immigrants into the labour markets of six European countries – France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom – has evolved between 2005 and 2016. Special attention is paid to the effect of the moratoria on the free movement of workers, which lasted between 0 and 7 years. Data from the EU-LFS is used in two mixed effects logistic regression models for each country, using the following dependent variables: having employment and if that employment matches the qualifications of the worker. The interaction between nationality (own-country, EU-10, EU-3 and EU-15) and whether or not a moratoria exists is used to compare the level of labour integration of the EU-10 and EU-3 groups with that of national populations and EU-15 immigrants. Our results show that during the moratoria EU-10 and EU-3 immigrants have had a much lower labour market performance than people with full European citizenship. This gap has decreased drastically, without disappearing in many cases, after the moratoria ended.

摘要

本研究应用公民分层理论来分析欧盟 10 和欧盟 3 移民融入六个欧洲国家——法国、德国、意大利、西班牙、瑞典和英国——的劳动力市场在 2005 年至 2005 年之间的演变情况。 2016. 特别关注暂停对工人自由流动的影响，持续时间为 0 至 7 年。来自 EU-LFS 的数据用于每个国家的两个混合效应逻辑回归模型，使用以下因变量：有工作以及该工作是否与工人的资格相匹配。国籍（本国、欧盟 10 国、欧盟 3 国和欧盟 15 国）之间的相互作用以及是否存在暂停措施，用于比较欧盟 10 国和欧盟 3 国集团与国家人口和 EU-15 移民。我们的结果表明，在暂停期间，欧盟 10 和欧盟 3 移民的劳动力市场表现远低于具有完全欧洲公民身份的人。在暂停结束后，这种差距已经急剧缩小，在许多情况下并没有消失。