ABSTRACT

When it comes to changes in patterns of care in Central and Eastern Europe, one of the most noteworthy to arise has been that of the shift in patterns of care and living for people with disabilities. Typically, this involves a transition from large-scale residential institutions to a variety of smaller placements and living places in the community. This article offers for consideration two case studies from Central and Eastern Europe, namely Estonia and Hungary. The authors delineate the principal arguments and interests shaping the differing processes of deinstitutionalisation to be found in these two countries, including stakeholder perceptions. As well as seeking to account for this variation exists in Estonia and Hungary, the authors contend that while this process is usually termed ‘deinstitutionalisation’, it also needs to be perceived as a reclaiming and regaining of community spaces by people with disabilities, effectively involving a process of ‘re-communalisation’. It is also suggested that policymakers and other stakeholders have much to learn from such comparisons, especially for adopting more inclusive visions of deinstitutionalisation

摘要

谈到中欧和东欧护理模式的变化，最值得注意的一个是残疾人护理和生活模式的转变。通常，这涉及从大型住宅机构过渡到社区中的各种较小的安置点和生活场所。本文提供了来自中欧和东欧的两个案例研究，即爱沙尼亚和匈牙利。作者描述了塑造这两个国家不同的去机构化过程的主要论点和利益，包括利益相关者的看法。除了试图解释爱沙尼亚和匈牙利存在的这种差异之外，作者还争辩说，虽然这个过程通常被称为“去机构化”，它还需要被视为残疾人对社区空间的回收和重新获得，有效地涉及“重新社区化”的过程。还建议政策制定者和其他利益相关者从这种比较中学到很多东西，特别是在采用更具包容性的去机构化愿景方面