ABSTRACT

Objectives

Coronavirus stigmatization may be disproportionately impacting ethnoracial minority groups in the US. We test three hypotheses: [H1] Asians in the US are more likely to report experiencing coronavirus stigmatization than non-Hispanic Whites; [H2] Coronavirus stigmatization is associated with psychological distress; [H3] Magnitude of association between coronavirus stigmatization and psychological distress is more pronounced among US-born Asians, compared to non-Hispanic Whites.

Design

We analyzed cross-sectional survey data from the 10–31 March 2020 wave of the Understanding America Survey, a nationally representative survey of adults in the US. Psychological distress was assessed with the PHQ-4. Measures of association were estimated using multiple logistic regression and survey sampling weights. Predicted probabilities were calculated using marginal standardization ( n = 6707).

Results

[H1] The adjusted predicted probability of experiencing any coronavirus stigma among foreign-born Asians (11.2%, 95% CI: 5.5–17.0%; E-value = 4.52), US-born Asians (10.9%, 95% CI: 5.8–16.0%; E-value = 4.23), Blacks (8.0%, 95% CI: 5.3–10.7%; E-value = 2.92), and Hispanic Whites (7.3%, 95% CI: 4.6–9.9%; E-value = 2.58) was significantly greater than non-Hispanic Whites (4.5%, 95% CI: 3.7–5.4%). [H2] Individuals reporting any coronavirus stigma experience were significantly more likely to exhibit psychological distress (19.9%, 95% CI: 14.6–25.2% vs 10.6%, 9.6–11.6%; E-value = 3.16). [H3] The overall magnitude of association between experience of any coronavirus stigma and psychological distress was not significantly between US-born Asians and non-Hispanic Whites, though we found gender to mask this effect. US-born Asian females who experienced coronavirus stigmatization were more likely to exhibit psychological distress than non-Hispanic white females who experienced coronavirus stigmatization (relative risk (RR): 10.21, 95% CI: 2.69–38.74 vs 1.24, 95% CI: 0.76–2.01; p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Comprehensive measures around care seeking, public awareness, and disaggregated data collection are needed to address ethnoracial coronavirus stigmatization and its impact on psychological health and well-being.

中文翻译：

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美国亚洲人中冠状病毒的污名化和心理困扰

摘要

目标

在美国，冠状病毒的污名化可能对种族少数群体的影响不成比例。我们检验了三个假设：[H1]美国亚裔比非西班牙裔白人更有可能遭受冠状病毒的污名化；[H2]冠状病毒的污名化与心理困扰有关；[H3]与非西班牙裔白人相比，在美国出生的亚洲人中，冠状病毒的污名化和心理困扰之间的关联程度更为明显。

设计

我们分析了2020年3月10日至31日的“了解美国调查”浪潮的横断面调查数据，这是一项针对美国成年人的全国代表性调查。用PHQ-4评估心理困扰。关联度量是使用多元逻辑回归和调查抽样权重估算的。预测的概率使用边际标准化计算（n  =  6707）。

结果

[H1]在外国出生的亚洲人中（11.2％，95％CI：5.5-17.0％; E值= 4.52），在美国出生的亚洲人（10.9％，95％CI：5.8 -16.0％; ê -值= 4.23），黑人（8.0％，95％CI：5.3-10.7％; ê -值= 2.92），和西班牙裔白人（7.3％，95％CI：4.6-9.9％; ë -值= 2.58）明显高于非西班牙裔白人（4.5％，95％CI：3.7–5.4％）。[H2]报告过任何冠状病毒柱头经历的个体更有可能表现出心理困扰（19.9％，95％CI：14.6–25.2％，而10.6％，9.6–11.6％；E-value = 3.16）。[H3]在美国出生的亚洲人和非西班牙裔白人之间，任何冠状病毒柱头病的经历和心理困扰之间的总体联系程度并不明显，尽管我们发现性别可以掩盖这种影响。在美国出生的遭受冠状病毒感染的亚洲女性比遭受冠状病毒感染的非西班牙裔白人女性更有可能出现心理困扰（相对风险（RR）：10.21，95％CI：2.69–38.74 vs 1.24，95％CI：0.76） –2.01；p  <0.01）。

结论

需要采取围绕护理，公众意识和分类数据收集的综合措施，以解决种族性冠状病毒的污名化及其对心理健康和福祉的影响。