ABSTRACT

Background: In spite of wide international evidence about cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and adiposity in association with cardiovascular disease, there is poor evidence about this relationship in schoolchildren of ethnic minorities.

Aim: To examine the relationship between CRF and body composition on blood pressure (BP) in a sample of ethnic minority schoolchildren from three Latin-American countries.

Material and methods: A descriptive cross sectional study of total n = 3866, mean age 12.5 (2.7) y [girls n = 1997, mean age 12.8 (2.8) y; boys n = 1869, mean age 12.2 (2.7) y] schoolchildren from three Latin-American countries (Colombia, Brazil, Chile). Main outcomes were CRF, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat percentage (%BF), and BP (systolic SB, diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure (MAP).

Results: In both sex, and after adjusting for covariates (age and ethnicity group), negative CRF by $\dot{V}$O₂peak levels were associated with a higher body fatness parameters (BMI, WC, WHtR and %BF p<0.001), and blood pressure measures (systolic BP, diastolic BP, and MAP; p<0.001). A lower CRF (by $\dot{V}$O₂peak) was associated with a higher BP in girls (systolic SB −0.15; −5.10 (0.30), diastolic BP −0.14; −4.43 (0.23), and MAP −0.15; −4.93 (0.26) at p<0.001), and boys (systolic SB −0.02; −0.85 (0.32), DB −0.07; −2.23 (0.23), and MAP−0.06; −1.89 (0.25 at p<0.001). There was a significant association between a ‘high-CRF + low-%BF’ with a lower systolic SB diff = − 9.6 [0.7], diastolic BP diff= − 11.0 [0.6]; and MAP level diff = − 10.6 [0.6] all p<0.001). There was a significant association between a ‘high-CRF + low-BMI’ with a lower systolic diff = − 10.3 [1.1], diastolic diff = − 11.2 [1.1], and MAP diff = − 10.9 [1.0] all p<0.001.

Conclusion: A lower CRF is associated with a higher body fatness parameters, and higher BP levels in Latin-American ethnic schoolchildren.

Abbreviators: %BF: Percentage of Body fat; BIA: Bioelectric impedance analysis; BMI: Body mass index; BP: Blood pressure; CRF: Cardiorespiratory fitness; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; LDL-cholesterol: SD: Standard deviation; WC: Waist circumference; WHtR: Waist-height to ratio; $\dot{V}$O₂max: Maximal oxygen consumption; $\dot{V}$O₂peak: Peak of oxygen consumption

摘要

背景：尽管有广泛的国际证据表明心肺健康（CRF）和肥胖与心血管疾病相关，但在少数民族学童中这种关系的证据很少。

目的：研究来自三个拉丁美洲国家的少数族裔学童样本的 CRF 与血压 (BP) 的身体成分之间的关​​系。

材料和方法：总n  = 3866，平均年龄 12.5 (2.7) y [女孩n  = 1997，平均年龄 12.8 (2.8) y；男孩n  = 1869，平均年龄 12.2 (2.7) y] 来自三个拉丁美洲国家（哥伦比亚、巴西、智利）的学童。主要结果是 CRF、体重指数 (BMI)、腰围、体脂百分比 (%BF) 和 BP（收缩压 SB、舒张压和平均动脉压 (MAP)。

结果：在两性中，在调整协变量（年龄和种族）后，阴性 CRF$\dot{五}$O ₂峰值水平与较高的体脂参数（BMI、WC、WHtR 和 %BF p <0.001）和血压测量值（收缩压、舒张压和 MAP；p <0.001）相关。较低的 CRF（通过$\dot{五}$O ₂峰）与女孩较高的血压相关（收缩压 SB -0.15；-5.10 (0.30)，舒张压 -0.14；-4.43 (0.23) 和 MAP -0.15；-4.93 (0.26)，p <0.001）和男孩（收缩期 SB -0.02；-0.85 (0.32)，DB -0.07；-2.23 (0.23) 和 MAP-0.06；-1.89（0.25，p <0.001）。 CRF + 低-%BF'，收缩压 SB diff  = - 9.6 [0.7]，舒张压diff = - 11.0 [0.6]；MAP 水平diff  = - 10.6 [0.6] 所有p <0.001）。“高 CRF + 低 BMI”与较低的收缩压差 = - 10.3 [1.1]、舒张压差 = - 11.2 [1.1] 和 MAP之间存在显着关联diff  = − 10.9 [1.0] 所有p <0.001。

结论：较低的 CRF 与较高的体脂参数和拉丁美洲族裔学童的较高血压水平相关。

缩写： %BF：体脂百分比；BIA：生物电阻抗分析；BMI：体重指数；BP：血压；CRF：心肺健康；心血管疾病：心血管疾病；LDL-胆固醇：SD：标准差；WC：腰围；WHtR：腰高比；$\dot{五}$O ₂ max：最大耗氧量；$\dot{五}$O ₂峰值：耗氧量峰值