ABSTRACT

Objective

The present study tests the hypothesis that ethnicity and nativity moderate the association of negative racial stereotypes versus perceived discrimination to cardiovascular health among Black respondents to the National Survey of American Life (NSAL). It is also hypothesized that the relationship is strongest in African Americans and weakest in foreign-born Caribbean Blacks with U.S.-born Caribbean Blacks falling in the middle. The same pattern of results is expected to occur for the correlation between perceived discrimination and cardiovascular health.

Method

A representative sample of 3570 (100%) African American and 1419 (87.4%) of 1623 Caribbean Black respondents to the NSAL had complete data for use in this study. The Caribbean subsample was divided by nativity into 373 (26.3%) U.S.-born and 1044 (73.7%) foreign-born participants. Structural equation modeling (SEM) tested the measurement model for effects of internalized racism and perceived racism on cardiovascular health mediated by perceived mastery and performance apprehension.

Results

SEM analyses revealed that perceived discrimination had a much stronger effect on cardiovascular health than internalized racism for African Americans and foreign-born Caribbean Blacks, but the diametrically opposite pattern was the case for U.S.-born Caribbean Blacks who reported greater effects for internalized racism than perceived discrimination.

Conclusion

Interventions and policies to eliminate disparities in cardiovascular health for the U.S. Black population must address internal and external sources of racism by ethnicity and nativity.

中文翻译：

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种族、出生以及刻板印象对美国非洲血统人群心血管健康的影响：种族主义的内部与外部来源

摘要

客观的

本研究检验了以下假设，即种族和出生在美国生活全国调查 (NSAL) 的黑人受访者中调节负面种族刻板印象与感知歧视对心血管健康的关联。还假设这种关系在非裔美国人中最强，在外国出生的加勒比黑人中最弱，而在美国出生的加勒比黑人则处于中间。对于感知歧视与心血管健康之间的相关性，预计会出现相同的结果模式。

方法

NSAL 的 3570 名 (100%) 非裔美国人和 1623 名加勒比黑人受访者中的 1419 名 (87.4%) 具有代表性样本，该样本具有可用于本研究的完整数据。加勒比地区的子样本按出生人数分为 373 名（26.3%）美国出生的参与者和 1044 名（73.7%）外国出生的参与者。结构方程模型 (SEM) 测试了内化种族主义和感知种族主义对心血管健康的影响的测量模型，这些影响由感知掌握和表现忧虑介导。

结果

SEM 分析显示，对于非裔美国人和外国出生的加勒比黑人来说，感知到的歧视对心血管健康的影响比内在种族主义要强得多，但截然相反的模式是美国出生的加勒比黑人的情况，他们报告说，内在种族主义对内化种族主义的影响比感知到的更大歧视。

结论

消除美国黑人心血管健康差异的干预措施和政策必须解决种族和出生地种族主义的内部和外部来源。