ABSTRACT

Objective

To investigate factors associated with the stigmatization of people of Asian descent during COVID-19 in the United States and factors that can mitigate or prevent stigmatization.

Design

A national sample survey of adults (N = 842) was conducted online between May 11 and May 19, 2020. Outcome variables were two dimensions of stigmatization, responsibility and persons as risk. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed.

Results

Racial prejudice, maladaptive coping, and biased media use each explained stigmatization. Racial prejudice, comprising stereotypical beliefs and emotion toward Asian Americans, was a stronger predictor of stigmatization than maladaptive coping or biased media use. Fear concerning the ongoing COVID-19 situation and the use of social media and partisan cable TV also predicted stigmatization. Low self-efficacy in dealing with COVID-19, when associated with high estimated harm of COVID-19, increased stigmatization. High perceived institutional efficacy in the handling of COVID-19 increased stigmatization when linked to high estimated harm of COVID-19. On the other hand, high perceived collective efficacy in coping with COVID-19 was associated with low stigmatization. More indirect contacts with Asians via the media predicted less stigmatization.

Conclusions

Efforts to reduce stigmatization should address racial stereotypes and emotions, maladaptive coping, and biased media use by providing education and resources to the public. Fostering collective efficacy and media-based contacts with Asian Americans can facilitate these efforts.

中文翻译：

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测试在COVID-19期间对亚裔后裔蒙受耻辱的三种解释：适应不良的应对方式，偏见的媒体使用方式或种族偏见？

摘要

目的

调查与在美国COVID-19期间亚洲裔人受到耻辱的因素以及可以减轻或防止污名化的因素。

设计

 到2020年5月11日至5月19日，在网上进行了全国成年人抽样调查（N = 842）。结果变量是污名化，责任感和个人作为风险的两个维度。进行了层次回归分析。

结果

种族偏见，适应不良的应对方式和偏见的媒体都使用了每种解释的污名化。种族偏见，包括对亚裔美国人的定型观念和情感，是比起适应不良的应对或有偏见的媒体使用来更容易污名化的预测指标。对持续的COVID-19情况以及社交媒体和党派有线电视的使用的恐惧也预示着污名化。当与COVID-19的估计高伤害相关联时，处理COVID-19的自我效能低下会增加污名化。当与COVID-19的估计高危害相联系时，在处理COVID-19方面获得的高机构感知效力会增加污名化。另一方面，在应对COVID-19方面，较高的感知集体功效与较低的污名化相关。通过媒体与亚洲人的更多间接接触预示了更少的污名化。

结论

减少污名化的努力应通过向公众提供教育和资源来解决种族定型观念和情感，适应不良的应对方式以及偏向媒体使用的情况。建立集体效能和与亚裔美国人进行媒体接触可以促进这些努力。