ABSTRACT

Objective

African Americans and Latinos/Hispanics have a higher prevalence of dementia compared to non-Latino Whites. This scoping review aims to synthesize non-pharmaceutical interventions to delay or slow age-related cognitive decline among cognitively healthy African American and Latino older adults.

Design

A literature search for articles published between January 2000 and May 2019 was performed using the databases PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Relevant cited references and grey literature were also reviewed. Four independent reviewers evaluated 1,181 abstracts, and full-article screening was subsequently performed for 145 articles. The scoping review consisted of eight studies, which were evaluated according to the peer-reviewed original manuscript, non-pharmaceutical intervention, cognitive function as an outcome, separate reporting of results for African American and Latinos, minimum age of 40, and conducted in the US. A total of 8 studies were considered eligible and were analyzed in the present scoping review.

Results

Eight studies were identified. Four studies focused on African Americans and four focused on Latinos. Through the analysis, results indicated cognitive training-focused interventions were effective in improving memory, executive function, reasoning, visuospatial, psychological function, and speed among African Americans. Exercise interventions were effective in improving cognition among Latinos.

Conclusion

This scoping review identified effective non-pharmaceutical interventions among African American and Latinos. Effective interventions focused on cognitive training alone for African Americans and exercise combined with group educational sessions for Latinos. Future research should explore developing culturally appropriate non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce disparities and to enhance cognition among older African American and Latinos.

中文翻译：

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非药物干预措施对美国非痴呆非裔美国人和拉丁裔老年人认知功能的有效性：范围界定审查

 抽象的

 客观的

与非拉丁裔白人相比，非裔美国人和拉丁裔/西班牙裔的痴呆症患病率更高。本次范围审查旨在综合非药物干预措施，以延缓或减缓认知健康的非裔美国人和拉丁裔老年人与年龄相关的认知能力下降。

 设计

使用数据库 PubMed、CINAHL、PsycINFO 和 Web of Science 对 2000 年 1 月至 2019 年 5 月期间发表的文章进行了文献检索。还审查了相关引用的参考文献和灰色文献。四位独立审稿人评估了 1,181 篇摘要，随后对 145 篇文章进行了全文筛选。范围界定审查包括八项研究，根据同行评审的原始手稿、非药物干预、认知功能作为结果、单独报告非裔美国人和拉丁裔的结果、最低年龄为 40 岁进行评估，并在我们。共有 8 项研究被认为是合格的，并在本次范围界定审查中进行了分析。

 结果

确定了八项研究。四项研究针对非裔美国人，四项研究针对拉丁裔。通过分析，结果表明以认知训练为重点的干预措施可有效改善非裔美国人的记忆、执行功能、推理、视觉空间、心理功能和速度。运动干预可以有效改善拉丁裔的认知能力。

 结论

这项范围审查确定了非裔美国人和拉丁美洲人中有效的非药物干预措施。有效的干预措施侧重于非裔美国人的认知训练和拉丁裔美国人的锻炼与团体教育课程相结合。未来的研究应探索开发适合文化的非药物干预措施，以减少老年非洲裔美国人和拉丁美洲人的差异并增强认知能力。