ABSTRACT This article examines the question of (return) migration among highly-skilled, 1.5- and second-generation Korean Americans and the particular social, material and cultural capital Korean Americans may acquire in Korea. Undoubtedly, Korean Americans have occupied privileged positions in Korea especially compared to other ethnic return migrants such as Korean Chinese and Zainichi Koreans. However, my research attempts to trouble a monolithic or homogeneous understanding of Korean American privilege. Using ethnographic research and by paying attention to the multifaceted and diverse experiences of Korean American returnees in terms of age, gender, level of education, class, occupation, religion and locality, I complicate Korean American ethnicity and assumptions of a “privileged” status among Korean American returnees. Such monolithic assumptions about the Korean American experience are often implicitly based on the masculine subject as the primary agent of migration and diaspora. However, attention to gender and intersectionality of Korean American returnees exposes subtle forms of pressure and aggression often obscured within narratives of Korean Americans as an elite and fundamentally masculine group. In this way, this article proffers a far more nuanced understanding of the contradictory and “double-edged” experience of Korean Americans upon return migration.

中文翻译：

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一把双刃剑：韩裔美籍回归移民的性别与交叉性

摘要 本文探讨了高技能、1.5 代和第二代韩裔美国人之间的（返回）移民问题，以及韩裔美国人在韩国可能获得的特殊社会、物质和文化资本。毫无疑问，韩裔美国人在韩国占据了特权地位，尤其是与其他族裔返回移民，如朝鲜华人和在日韩国人相比。然而，我的研究试图扰乱对韩裔美国人特权的整体或同质理解。通过人种学研究，并通过关注韩裔美国海归在年龄、性别、教育水平、阶级、职业、宗教和地域方面的多方面和多样化经历，我使韩裔美国人的种族和“特权”地位的假设复杂化。韩裔美国归国者。这种关于韩裔美国人经历的整体假设往往隐含地基于男性主体作为移民和侨民的主要代理人。然而，对美籍韩裔海归的性别和交叉性的关注暴露了微妙的压力和侵略形式，这些压力和侵略在韩裔美国人作为精英和基本上是男性化的群体的叙述中常常被掩盖。通过这种方式，本文对韩裔美国人返回移民时的矛盾和“双刃剑”经历提供了更加细致入微的理解。对韩裔美国海归的性别和交叉性的关注暴露了微妙的压力和侵略形式，这些压力和侵略在韩裔美国人作为精英和基本上是男性化的群体的叙述中常常被掩盖。通过这种方式，本文对韩裔美国人返回移民时的矛盾和“双刃剑”经历提供了更加细致入微的理解。对韩裔美国海归的性别和交叉性的关注暴露了微妙的压力和侵略形式，这些压力和侵略在韩裔美国人作为精英和基本上是男性化的群体的叙述中常常被掩盖。通过这种方式，本文对韩裔美国人返回移民时的矛盾和“双刃剑”经历提供了更加细致入微的理解。