ABSTRACT While there is much scholarship deconstructing ‘mainstream’ Australian perceptions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, there has been little attention to how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples perceive non-Indigenous Australians. Yet such perceptions are telling of cultural difference and the circulation of power in a neo-colonial state. In this paper, we focus on Bininj/Yol people in and around the remote town of Maningrida in the Northern Territory, where the term ‘Balanda’ denotes non-Indigenous Australians, particularly of European descent. Exploring themes of work, time, material accumulation, and Country, we ask how Bininj/Yol people construct Balanda; how their understandings of Balanda shape their understandings of Self and vice versa; and how their constructions of Self are refracted through Balanda discourses about Aboriginality. Bininj/Yol portraits of Balanda are seldom flattering and frequently serve as a counterpoint to local Aboriginal ideals of Self. Balanda seem bafflingly deficient in traits proper and natural: they flout appropriate relations with other people, land and cosmos, and appear obsessed with work, clock time, rules, and material accumulation. Drawing on the concept of the gaze as a force that both objectifies and subjects, we then consider the influence of asymmetric ‘looking relations’ on local Aboriginal senses of Self. This was especially apparent during the Northern Territory ‘Intervention’ when the people of the Maningrida region suddenly saw themselves through Balanda eyes, and beheld a shockingly different image than the one they held of themselves.

中文翻译：

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Alterity 和非对称凝视：西北阿纳姆地的土著人的自我和他者建构

摘要 虽然有很多学术研究解构了澳大利亚对土著和托雷斯海峡岛民的“主流”看法，但很少有人关注土著和托雷斯海峡岛民如何看待非土著澳大利亚人。然而，这种看法正在说明新殖民国家中的文化差异和权力流通。在本文中，我们关注北领地偏远城镇 Maningrida 及其周边地区的 Bininj/Yol 人，其中“Balanda”一词表示非土著澳大利亚人，尤其是欧洲血统的澳大利亚人。探索工作、时间、物质积累和国家的主题，我们询问 Bininj/Yol 人如何构建 Balanda；他们对巴兰达的理解如何塑造他们对自我的理解，反之亦然；以及他们的自我建构如何通过巴兰达关于原住民的话语折射出来。巴兰达的 Bininj/Yol 肖像很少讨人喜欢，经常与当地土著人的自我理想形成对比。巴兰达似乎缺乏适当和自然的特质：他们蔑视与他人、土地和宇宙的适当关系，似乎沉迷于工作、时钟时间、规则和物质积累。借鉴凝视作为一种既客观又主观的力量的概念，我们然后考虑不对称的“观看关系”对当地土著自我意识的影响。这一点在北域‘干涉’期间表现得尤为明显，当时曼宁格里达地区的人们突然通过巴兰达的眼睛看到了自己，看到了一个与他们所持有的自己截然不同的形象。