This first part of a two‐part article illustrates how research in evolutionary biology and psychology illuminates questions arising in philosophy—specifically questions about the origins of severe, systemic aggression that arise in the mimetic theory of René Girard. Part I looks at: (i) how old the systemic practice of severe aggression is, (ii) how much results from humanity's mimetic/social and competitive nature and how much from ecological, resource, and cultural conditions, and (iii) if ecological and cultural conditions are important, might we adapt them toward greater cooperativity today? After briefly reviewing mimetic theory, the article looks at evolutionary psychology and biology, including fossil and archeological evidence. Findings suggest that severe, systemic aggression might be relatively recent and that its occurrence depends on ecological/resource/socioeconomic conditions additional to our mimetic/social nature. Thus, distinguishing the conditions that prod aggression from those that support pro‐social behavior might aid us in structuring society today.

中文翻译：

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哲学问题和生物学发现，第一部分：人类的合作能力，竞争能力和侵略性

这篇由两部分组成的文章的第一部分说明了进化生物学和心理学方面的研究如何阐明哲学中出现的问题，尤其是有关RenéGirard模仿理论中出现的严重的系统性侵略的起源的问题。第一部分着眼于：（i）严重侵略的系统实践有多大；（ii）人类的模仿/社会和竞争性质产生了多少，生态，资源和文化条件产生了多少，以及（iii）生态产生了多少？文化条件很重要，我们今天是否可以使它们适应更大的合作？在简要回顾了模仿理论之后，本文着眼于进化心理学和生物学，包括化石和考古证据。结果表明严重，全身侵略可能是相对较新的，其发生还取决于我们的模仿/社会性质之外的生态/资源/社会经济条件。因此，将激进的条件与支持亲社会行为的条件区分开来可能会帮助我们构建当今的社会。