This article studies occupational licensing as a possible cause of education–occupation mismatches of highly educated migrants. Based on data from the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia (LSIA), the empirical analysis applies the Propensity Score Matching estimator to identify a suitable control group. Licensing raises hourly wages and reduces over-education for those working in licensed jobs, and correspondingly it produces worse labour market outcomes for those who do not gain licensure. These results are robust to omitted variable bias and alternative matching approaches. They also persist over time, suggesting that the sole market forces of supply and demand are not enough to reduce the mismatch faced by highly educated migrants after settlement.

中文翻译：

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职业许可与高学历移民的技能不匹配

本文研究职业许可作为高学历移民教育与职业不匹配的可能原因。根据澳大利亚移民纵向调查 (LSIA) 的数据，实证分析应用倾向得分匹配估计器来确定合适的对照组。许可提高了小时工资并减少了从事许可工作的人的过度教育，相应地，它对那些没有获得许可的人产生了更糟糕的劳动力市场结果。这些结果对于省略的变量偏差和替代匹配方法是稳健的。它们也会随着时间的推移而持续存在，这表明供需的唯一市场力量不足以减少受过高等教育的移民在定居后面临的不匹配。