This study examines the ways that belief in hell is associated with parental goals concerning child independence and obedience. Further, it assesses how this association is contingent upon economic circumstances of a nation, reflected by a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. Multilevel analyses with data from the sixth wave of the World Values Survey (2010‐2014) show that belief in hell is associated with a greater likelihood of opposing independence and endorsing obedience. Yet, these observed associations differ across national economic context. Specifically, the negative association between belief in hell and parental endorsement of independence is greater in countries that are more economically developed. Similarly, the positive association between belief in hell and parental endorsement of obedience is greater in countries that are more economically developed. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed regarding the interplay of religion, parental values about child socialization, and social context.

中文翻译：

---

关于儿童独立性和服从性的地狱和育儿优先权的信仰：经济背景重要吗？

这项研究检验了对地狱的信仰与关于孩子独立和服从的父母目标相关联的方式。此外，它评估了这种联系如何取决于一个国家的经济状况，并由一个国家的人均国内生产总值（GDP）反映出来。使用第六次世界价值调查（2010-2014年）数据进行的多层次分析表明，对地狱的信仰与反对独立和支持服从的可能性更大。但是，这些观察到的关联在全国经济环境中有所不同。具体来说，在经济较发达的国家，对地狱的信仰与父母对独立的认可之间的负相关性更大。同样，在经济较发达的国家，对地狱的信仰与父母对服从的认可之间的积极联系更大。讨论了这些发现的理论含义，涉及宗教的相互作用，关于儿童社会化的父母价值观以及社会背景。