Tourism is an important economic driver and plays a critical role in the economic development of South Asian countries. However, tourism also brings about some inevitable consequences on the environmental quality of these countries. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lags, Vector Error-Correction Model and Panel frameworks, we investigate the inter-relationships between tourism, energy consumption, CO₂ emissions and gross domestic product (GDP) in South Asia, using data for the period 1990–2014. We find that, in the long-run, tourism positively contributes to GDP, CO₂ emissions and to the demand for energy; an increase in GDP improves tourism; and an increase in CO₂ levels is not a deterrent for tourists to visit South Asia.

中文翻译：

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南亚旅游、能源消耗、二氧化碳排放和经济增长之间相互关系的动态建模

旅游业是重要的经济驱动力，在南亚国家的经济发展中发挥着至关重要的作用。但是，旅游业也给这些国家的环境质量带来了一些不可避免的后果。使用自回归分布滞后、向量误差校正模型和面板框架，我们使用 1990-2014 年期间的数据调查了南亚旅游、能源消耗、CO ₂排放和国内生产总值 (GDP)之间的相互关系。我们发现，从长远来看，旅游业对 GDP、CO ₂排放和能源需求有积极贡献；GDP的增加改善了旅游业；CO ₂水平的增加并不能阻止游客到访南亚。