Although several reliable methods of sex estimation—usually based on the os coxae—do exist, they cannot always be applied on fragmented archeological material, so that sex must be estimated using other skeletal parts. In 1999, Murail and co-authors proposed an approach, which they called “secondary sex diagnosis,” consisting in using those individuals whose pelvic sex could be estimated as a reference sample for the extrapelvic sex estimation of the other individuals. The computational use of this approach may be cumbersome when dealing with very fragmented material and implies many heavily repetitive tasks if performed manually. rdss is an R package with a graphical user interface that facilitates all the steps of the so-called secondary sex diagnosis and allows an easy assessment of the quality and relevance of the statistical models built and used during this process. In the present article, a small subset of the freely available online Goldman Data Set is used to illustrate the use of this package on real osteometric data, and some methodological caveats that regularly arise with archeological samples are discussed. Finally, some terminological elements are clarified or modified from the seminal publication. Further technical documentation about rdss, including a video tutorial, is available online.

中文翻译：

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rdss：促进使用 Murail 等人 (1999) 在过去人群中进行性别估计的方法的 R 包

尽管确实存在几种可靠的性别估计方法（通常基于os coxae），但它们并不总是适用于碎片化的考古材料，因此必须使用其他骨骼部分来估计性别。1999 年，Murail 和合著者提出了一种方法，他们称之为“第二性别诊断”，即使用那些可以估计盆腔性别的个体作为其他个体盆腔外性别估计的参考样本。在处理非常零散的材料时，这种方法的计算使用可能很麻烦，如果手动执行，则意味着许多重复性很强的任务。资源管理系统是一个带有图形用户界面的 R 包，可促进所谓的第二性诊断的所有步骤，并允许轻松评估在此过程中构建和使用的统计模型的质量和相关性。在本文中，免费提供的在线高盛数据集的一小部分用于说明该软件包在真实骨测量数据上的使用，并讨论了考古样本中经常出现的一些方法论警告。最后，从开创性的出版物中澄清或修改了一些术语元素。有关rdss 的更多技术文档（包括视频教程）可在线获取。