This article presents cases of treponematosis in at least five individuals from different archeological sites in southern North Eastern Argentina and discusses how these cases were linked to the ways of life of the pre‐Hispanic groups that inhabited this region for at least 2000 years. We carried out the reanalysis and reinterpretation of some of the pathological cases, including a comparison between our observations and previous diagnoses made by other authors. Thirty‐three bone elements corresponding to a minimum number of five adults from three archeological sites were analyzed. These sites were excavated in the early and mid‐20th century, and the archeological materials are currently under the guardianship of different museums. The macroscopic description of bone lesions was surveyed. The bone lesions in long bones, mainly saber shin appearance in tibiae, and one cranial vault are consistent with the development of treponematosis. This diagnosis in five individuals in the south of North Eastern Argentina adds to the two cases previously reported. The discussion is focused on the link between the presence of this pathology and the ethnohistorical, archeological, and environmental context of the studied area.

中文翻译：

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阿根廷东北部的传染性疾病：脊膜病及其与人口集中度的关系

本文介绍了至少5名来自阿根廷东北部南部不同考古地点的人的甲状旁腺病病例，并讨论了这些病例与居住在该地区至少2000年的西班牙裔西班牙人的生活方式之间的关系。我们对一些病理病例进行了重新分析和重新解释，包括将我们的观察结果与其他作者先前的诊断进行比较。分析了来自三个考古现场的至少五个成年人的33个骨骼元素。这些遗址是在20世纪初和20世纪中叶发掘的，考古资料目前在不同博物馆的监护下。对骨病变的宏观描述进行了调查。长骨的骨病变，胫骨多为军刀胫骨外观，其中一个颅穹顶与甲状旁腺病的发展相一致。在阿根廷东北部南部的五人中，这一诊断增加了先前报道的两例病例。讨论的重点是这种病理的存在与所研究地区的民族历史，考古学和环境之间的联系。