This study describes bone damage of medium‐sized grouse (Lyrurus tetrix and Lagopus spp.) in food remains of the northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis and compares it to damage done by other birds of prey and humans. In general, the ‘signature’ left on the bones by the goshawk is similar to those of other diurnal birds of prey, but it differs from human‐derived damage and from owl pellets. These differences are visible in bone preservation, fragmentation and perforation. This study is the first to describe the characteristic damage to the sternum and coracoid that is probably typical of other raptors as well. Reliable analysis of zooarchaeological materials requires not only correct identification to the species but also determining where the bones came from at a given site. Bird bones from open‐air archaeological sites may contain food remains of the goshawk, whose habitat is forests in the vicinity of open areas. This study will assist in determining the factor(s) responsible for the accumulation of zooarchaeological materials.

中文翻译：

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与人和其他掠食者造成的破坏相比，北部苍鹰“鹰ip”（Accipiter gentilis）食物残骸中中等松鸡的分类

这项研究描述了北部苍鹰Accipiter gentilis食物残骸中中等松鸡（Lyrurus tetrix和Lagopus spp。）的骨骼损伤并将其与其他猛禽和人类造成的损害进行比较。通常，苍鹰在骨头上留下的“签名”与其他昼夜捕食鸟的签名相似，但不同于人为破坏和猫头鹰颗粒。这些差异在骨骼保存，破碎和穿孔中可见。这项研究是首次描述对胸骨和喙突的特征性损害，这可能也是其他猛禽的典型特征。对动物考古材料进行可靠的分析，不仅需要对物种进行正确的识别，而且还需要确定骨骼在特定位置的来源。露天考古现场的鸟骨头可能包含苍鹰的食物残骸，苍蝇的栖息地是开放区域附近的森林。