This study examines the effect of teachers’ unions on the gender pay gap among teachers under various legal environments, using nationally representative district–teacher matched data. To identify union effects, I employ propensity score matching, considering both contractual status and teacher union density in each district as a treatment. I find that teachers’ unions significantly reduce the gender pay gap, and the union effects vary by legal environment. I also find that unions reduce teacher attrition for female teachers, but not for male teachers, thereby decreasing the gender pay gap by helping female teachers accumulate experience.

中文翻译：

---

工会对美国公立学校教师性别薪酬差距的影响

这项研究使用具有全国代表性的地区教师匹配数据，考察了在各种法律环境下教师工会对教师性别工资差距的影响。为了确定工会的影响，我采用倾向得分匹配，同时考虑了每个地区的合同状况和教师工会密度。我发现教师工会极大地缩小了性别之间的工资差距，工会的影响因法律环境的不同而不同。我还发现，工会减少了女教师的教师流失，但没有减少男教师的流失，从而通过帮助女教师积累经验减少了性别薪酬差距。