Mary Astell is a fascinating seventeenth‐century figure whose work admits of many interpretations. One feature of her work that has received little attention is her focus on bad custom. This is surprising; Astell clearly regards bad custom as exerting a kind of epistemic power over agents, particularly women, in a way that limits their intellectual capacities. This article aims to link two contemporary sociopolitical/social‐epistemological projects by showing how a seventeenth‐century thinker anticipated these projects. Astell's account of bad custom shows that she was attuned to the kinds of institutional or structural explanations theorized by Sally Haslanger, and that she acknowledges that bad custom—as an institutional or structural explanation—is intimately linked with epistemic injustice, albeit a kind not yet captured by contemporary social epistemologists. I call this form of epistemic injustice found in Astell epistemic internalization injustice. I argue that the epistemic significance of Astell's notion of bad custom is that it enables us to understand how bad custom conditions human relations in such a way as to result in epistemic injustice. Through coming to understand her notion of bad custom, we can expand our understanding of social epistemic phenomena like epistemic injustice.

中文翻译：

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玛丽·阿斯特尔（Mary Astell）论不良习俗和认识上的不公正

玛丽·阿斯特尔（Mary Astell）是一位迷人的17世纪人物，他的作品承认许多解释。她工作中很少受到关注的一个特征是她专注于不良习俗。这令人惊讶；阿斯特尔（Astell）显然认为不良习俗以限制其智力能力的方式，对特工，尤其是女性施加了认知能力。本文旨在通过展示17世纪思想家对这些项目的预期，将两个当代的社会政治/社会流行病学项目联系起来。阿斯泰尔（Astell）对不良习惯的描述表明，她对Sally Haslanger提出的各种制度或结构解释感到满意，并且她承认不良习惯（作为制度或结构的解释）与认知上的不公正有着密切的联系，尽管这是当代社会认识论者尚未掌握的一种。我把这种形式的认识不公称为阿斯特尔认识内在不公。我认为，阿斯特尔不良习惯概念的认识论意义在于，它使我们能够理解不良习惯如何影响人际关系，从而导致认识上的不公正。通过了解她的不良习惯概念，我们可以扩展对诸如认知不公之类的社会认知现象的理解。