During the 1990s, Singapore, the Malaysian state of Johor and the Riau Islands in Indonesia marketed themselves as a single investment destination. Due to its capital, technology, and superior logistics, Singapore was the “gateway”; Johor and the Riau Islands were the hinterland—supplying land, labour, and resources. Since then, production networks between the three territories have deepened. Interactions with Singapore have also catalysed connections between Johor and the Riau Islands. To date, research has focussed on the city‐state as the gateway and/or linkages between it and one of the two hinterlands. This emphasis is inherent in the “Gateway City” framework, which focusses on the primary city at the expense of its hinterlands and also overlooks mediating influences such as borders and border regimes. This article proposes complementing the Gateway City with the Cross‐Border Region framework to gain stronger purchase on the unit of analysis and focusing on inter‐hinterland dynamics to gain a more complete picture of how gateway cities affect their surrounding areas. Through applying this expanded theoretical framework to study the interactions of Johor and the Riau Islands, this article seeks to shed light on an under‐theorised and under‐studied aspect of gateway cities.

中文翻译：

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在门户的阴影下：新加坡腹地之间的互动

在1990年代，新加坡，马来西亚的柔佛州和印度尼西亚的廖内群岛将自己作为单一的投资目的地进行营销。由于其资金，技术和优越的物流，新加坡是“门户”。柔佛州和廖内群岛是腹地，土地，劳动力和资源供应充足。从那时起，这三个地区之间的生产网络得到了加深。与新加坡的互动也促进了柔佛和廖内群岛之间的联系。迄今为止，研究集中在城市国家作为城市与两个腹地之一之间的门户和/或联系。这种强调是“网关城市”框架所固有的，该框架将重点放在主要城市上，而不是腹地，同时也忽略了边界和边境政权等中介影响。本文建议使用跨边界区域框架来补充门户城市，以在分析单位上获得更多的购买，并着重研究腹地间的动态，以更全面地了解门户城市如何影响其周边地区。通过应用这种扩展的理论框架来研究柔佛和廖内群岛之间的相互作用，本文旨在阐明门户城市的理论不足和研究不足的方面。