This paper investigates the impact of the recent criminalisation of humanitarian actors engaged in the search for and rescue of migrants in distress in the Mediterranean Sea, focusing on the impact on the motivation and engagement of humanitarian volunteers in Greece. It argues that criminalisation is aimed at reducing search and rescue (SAR) activities and thus removing perceived ‘pull factors’ for migrants. The paper locates this phenomenon within the broader trend of policing and punishing those who assist migrants in order to deter them and prevent others from engaging in such endeavours. It finds that efforts to criminalise can have the unintended effects of encouraging and mobilising volunteers, as well as generating public attention and support for migrants. However, the negative consequences of criminalisation are far-reaching, including contributing to a high mortality rate among those crossing the Mediterranean without SAR capabilities and the heightened risk of violence against migrants and those who help them.

中文翻译：

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“血海”：将帮助海上遇险移民的人道主义志愿者定为犯罪的有意和无意影响

本文调查了最近将参​​与寻找和营救地中海遇险移民的人道主义行为者定为犯罪的影响，重点关注对希腊人道主义志愿者的动机和参与的影响。它认为，刑事定罪旨在减少搜救（SAR）活动，从而消除对移民的感知“拉动因素”。本文将这一现象定位于对协助移民者进行监管和惩罚以威慑他们并阻止其他人从事此类活动的更广泛趋势中。它发现，将刑事定罪的努力可能会产生意想不到的影响，即鼓励和动员志愿者，以及引起公众对移民的关注和支持。然而，刑事定罪的负面后果是深远的，