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Locking up my generation: Cohort differences in prison spells over the life course
Criminology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-21 , DOI: 10.1111/1745-9125.12256
Yinzhi Shen 1 , Shawn D. Bushway 2 , Lucy C. Sorensen 3 , Herbert L. Smith 4
Affiliation  

Crime rates have dropped substantially in the United States, but incarceration rates have remained high. The standard explanation for the lasting trend in incarceration is that the policy choices from the 1980s and 1990s were part of a secular increase in punitiveness that has kept rates of incarceration high. Our study highlights a heretofore overlooked perspective: that the crime–punishment wave in the 1980s and 1990s created cohort differences in incarceration over the life course that changed the level of incarceration even decades after the wave. With individual‐level longitudinal sentencing data from 1972 to 2016 in North Carolina, we show that cohort effects—the lingering impacts of having reached young adulthood at particular times in the history of crime and punishment—are at least as large (and likely much larger) than annual variation in incarceration rates attributable to period‐specific events and proclivities. The birth cohorts that reach prime age of crime during the 1980s and 1990s crime–punishment wave have elevated rates of incarceration throughout their observed life course. The key mechanism for their elevated incarceration rates decades after the crime–punishment wave is the accumulation of extended criminal history under a sentencing structure that systematically escalates punishment for those with priors.

中文翻译:

锁住我这一代人:整个人生过程中不同时期的监狱法术差异

在美国,犯罪率已大大下降,但监禁率仍然很高。长期监禁趋势的标准解释是,从1980年代和1990年代开始的政策选择是惩罚性世俗性增长的一部分,这种惩罚使监禁率一直很高。我们的研究凸显了一个迄今为止被忽视的观点:1980年代和1990年代的犯罪处罚浪潮在整个生命过程中造成了一系列的监禁,甚至改变了几十年来的监禁水平。利用北卡罗来纳州1972年至2016年的个人水平纵向量刑数据,我们显示,队列效应-在犯罪和惩罚历史上的特定时间达到年轻成年所产生的挥之不去的影响-至少与特定时期的事件和倾向导致的监禁率的年度变化一样大(并且可能更大)。 。在1980年代和1990年代犯罪惩治浪潮中达到犯罪年龄的出生队列,在整个观察到的生命过程中,其监禁率都有所上升。犯罪-惩罚浪潮后几十年,他们的有罪证监禁率上升的关键机制是在量刑结构下累积的扩展犯罪历史,这有系统地提高了对先验者的惩罚。在1980年代和1990年代犯罪惩治浪潮中达到犯罪年龄的出生队列,在整个观察到的生命过程中,其监禁率都有所上升。犯罪-惩罚浪潮后几十年,他们的有罪证监禁率上升的关键机制是在量刑结构下累积的扩展犯罪历史,这有系统地提高了对先验者的惩罚。在1980年代和1990年代犯罪惩治浪潮中达到犯罪年龄的出生队列,在整个观察到的生命过程中,其监禁率都有所上升。犯罪-惩罚浪潮后几十年,他们的有罪证监禁率上升的关键机制是在量刑结构下累积的扩展犯罪历史,这有系统地提高了对先验者的惩罚。
更新日期:2020-08-21
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