The negative effects of poverty on children's development have been examined in many studies. Poverty exerts its influence on children indirectly through mediating pathways, some of which have powerful effects in reducing the impact of early economic deprivation. However, the literature on the mediating mechanisms through which poverty operates and influences children's cognitive and social–emotional development is limited. This review provides a systematic analysis of published and unpublished studies that investigate mediating mechanisms that have been found to be effective in reducing the effects of early childhood poverty and in improving children's cognitive and social–emotional development. The findings of this review suggest that positive parenting and cognitively stimulating home environments have the potential to enhance the developmental outcomes of children living in poverty—in particular, educational materials including books and computers and home learning activities such as reading and counting are salient for the outcomes of children living in poverty. Findings on the effects of early childhood programmes for low-income children's development and well-being are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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减轻儿童贫困影响和改善儿童认知和社会情感发展的机制：系统评价

许多研究都考察了贫困对儿童发展的负面影响。贫困通过中介途径间接地对儿童产生影响，其中一些途径在减少早期经济剥夺的影响方面具有强大的影响。然而，关于贫困运作和影响儿童认知和社会情感发展的中介机制的文献是有限的。本综述对已发表和未发表的研究进行了系统分析，这些研究调查了已发现在减少幼儿贫困的影响和改善儿童认知和社会情感发展方面有效的中介机制。本综述的结果表明，积极的养育方式和认知刺激的家庭环境有可能提高生活贫困儿童的发展成果——特别是，包括书籍和电脑在内的教育材料以及阅读和计数等家庭学习活动对贫困儿童的发展尤为重要。贫困儿童的结果。还讨论了有关早期儿童计划对低收入儿童发展和福祉影响的研究结果。