It is shortly after 13.00 outside Berlin’s Schöneberg Rathaus (City Hall) on 26 June 1963. A strong breeze tosses the banner which hangs behind a narrow speaker’s platform as some 450,000 people listen expectantly to the figure standing before them. Having already been speaking for just over eight minutes, President John F. Kennedy has reached the closing lines of his address: ‘All free men, wherever they may live, are citizens of Berlin, and, therefore, as a free man, I take pride in the words “Ich bin ein Berliner”.’ Although Kennedy’s ‘Ich bin ein Berliner’ address has gained something of an iconic status, few are aware of its improvisational and contentious nature. Crucially, the U.S. President would follow only a quarter of the prepared text during its delivery, and geopolitically frame Berlin in such a manner as to imperil his own foreign policy. Developing insights from the so-called ‘more-than-representational’ turn and informed by materials from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library (JFKPL), this paper records both how and why Kennedy elected to stray from the script. More specifically, it examines those agencies – the objects, atmospheres, emotions, and affects – which converged during Kennedy’s address and led him to employ an improvised, geopolitically volatile mode of language.

中文翻译：

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即兴语言的地缘政治学：约翰·肯尼迪总统的“Ich bin ein Berliner”演讲

1963 年 6 月 26 日，柏林 Schöneberg Rathaus（市政厅）外的 13 点刚过。一阵强风吹拂着悬挂在狭窄演讲台后面的横幅，大约 450,000 人满怀期待地聆听站在他们面前的人物。约翰·F·肯尼迪总统已经讲了八分多钟，他说到最后几行：“所有自由人，无论他们身在何处，都是柏林公民，因此，作为一个自由人，我认为以“Ich bin ein Berliner”这句话为荣。尽管肯尼迪的“Ich bin ein Berliner”演讲已获得某种标志性地位，但很少有人意识到其即兴和有争议的性质。至关重要的是，美国总统在演讲过程中只会遵循准备好的文本的四分之一，并以危及他自己的外交政策的方式在地缘政治上陷害柏林。本文从所谓的“超越代表性”的转变中汲取见解，并参考约翰·肯尼迪总统图书馆 (JFKPL) 的资料，记录了肯尼迪如何以及为何选择偏离剧本。更具体地说，它考察了那些在肯尼迪演讲期间汇聚在一起并导致他采用即兴的、地缘政治上易变的语言模式的因素——对象、气氛、情感和影响。