The former border enclaves of Bangladesh and India, which were small pieces of one state entirely surrounded by the other, existed as extraterritorial spaces from 1947 until 2015. Since these spaces were subject to state violence but remained completely excluded from the protections provided by courts, police, and government, they have historically been understood as spaces of exception that contained bare lives. After the exchange of enclaves in 2015, the situation changed dramatically as the state assumed an active role in incorporating new lands and citizens. Such an active role resulted in unique privileges exclusively for the enclave residents understood here as sovereign atonement. Drawing on field research in Bangladesh, however, the paper argues that it would be misleading to capture sovereign atonement as an effort to correct the past violence of extraterritorial exclusion; instead it must be understood through the primacy of territory in state‐making in post‐colonial South Asia.

中文翻译：

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主权赎罪：后殖民时期南亚的（非）公民身份，领土和制国家

孟加拉国和印度的前边界飞地是一个国家的一小块，完全被另一个国家包围，从1947年到2015年一直作为域外空间存在。由于这些空间遭受国家暴力，但仍然完全不受法院提供的保护，从历史上看，警察和政府一直将其理解为拥有光秃秃的生命的例外空间。在2015年交换飞地之后，由于该州在吸收新土地和新居民方面发挥了积极作用，因此情况发生了巨大变化。如此积极的作用为飞地居民带来了独特的特权，这里被理解为主权赎罪。然而，该论文借鉴了孟加拉国的实地研究，认为将主权赎罪作为纠正过去域外排斥暴力的努力将产生误导。取而代之的是，必须通过后殖民南亚国家在国家决策中的优势地位来理解这一点。