Egypt's rate of unemployment averaged 11% over the period 1993–2018. Although this has motivated abundant research, it has focused on nation‐wide unemployment, with little attention to unemployment at the regional (i.e., governorate) level. Indeed, there are wide disparities in unemployment among governorates. Moreover, high unemployment governorates may be clustered together in a way that yields spatial autocorrelation. The present paper therefore fills this gap in empirical literature by analysing unemployment by region using a spatial panel data model (for 27 governorates over the 2006–2016 period). It establishes the existence of (positive) spatial dependence in regional unemployment. Regional unemployment is further found to be affected by low levels of education among the governorates' populations (illiterates, and holders of intermediate and above intermediates) pointing to a mismatch between the skills demanded and the skills supplied at the governorate level. Though services have the highest share in average employment across governorates (0.64), followed by agriculture (0.26), neither of the two indicators (proxies) of activity mix is found to be statistically significant. Other variables expected to affect regional unemployment were not statistically significant (female and youth unemployment, despite high prevalence of both female and youth unemployment across the governorates of Egypt). Policy implications include: the pooling of efforts between neighbouring governorates to address unemployment; matching leading activities in the governorates with the ranks of the unemployed; using apprenticeship schemes; increasing female labour force participation; and promoting private sector job creation.

中文翻译：

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埃及的区域性失业：空间面板数据分析

在1993年至2018年期间，埃及的失业率平均为11％。尽管这激发了大量的研究，但它集中在全国范围的失业问题上，很少关注区域（即省）层面的失业问题。确实，各省之间的失业差距很大。此外，高失业率省份可以以产生空间自相关的方式聚集在一起。因此，本文通过使用空间面板数据模型（2006-2016年期间的27个省）按地区分析失业来填补经验文献中的空白。它建立了区域失业中（正）空间依赖的存在。进一步发现，地区失业受省人民的教育水平低下（文盲，以及中级及以上中级课程的持有者）指出要求的技能与省级提供的技能不匹配。尽管服务在各省的平均就业中所占比例最高（0.64），其次是农业（0.26），但活动混合的两个指标（代理）均没有统计学意义。预计会影响区域失业的其他变量在统计上也不显着（尽管埃及各省的女性和青年失业率很高，但女性和青年失业率很高）。政策含义包括：集中相邻省之间的工作以解决失业问题；使各省的领导活动与失业人员的队伍相匹配；使用学徒计划；增加女性劳动力的参与；并促进私营部门创造就业机会。