Area-based initiatives (ABIs) is a frequently used strategy within contemporary urban regeneration policies to tackle physical and social challenges in deprived neighbourhoods. A central characteristic of their approach is active involvement of local stakeholders as part of making robust and lasting improvements. The claim raised in this article is that urban regeneration mobilizes citizens through a narrow perception of “voluntarism” that tends to exclude vulnerable and socially marginalized citizens. The article presents a typology of voluntarism that makes a distinction between (a) social voluntarism, (b) civic voluntarism and (c) hybrid voluntarism, combining non-paid voluntarism with pro-profit activities. Empirically, we draw on studies from ABIs in Denmark where collaboration with charity organizations and hybrid organizations has been used to mobilize marginalized citizens in the urban regeneration areas. We find that collaborations with charity-based and hybrid organizations are sparse and small-scale so far, but appear promising with regards to involve socially vulnerable groups.

中文翻译：

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城市更新中的志愿服务：公民、慈善还是混合？丹麦地区干预的经验

基于区域的举措 (ABI) 是当代城市更新政策中经常使用的策略，以应对贫困社区的自然和社会挑战。他们方法的一个核心特征是当地利益相关者的积极参与，作为进行稳健和持久改进的一部分。本文提出的主张是，城市更新通过倾向于排斥弱势和社会边缘化公民的“自愿主义”的狭隘观念来动员公民。本文提出了一种自愿主义的类型学，它区分了 (a) 社会自愿主义、(b) 公民自愿主义和 (c) 混合自愿主义，将无偿自愿主义与营利活动相结合。根据经验，我们借鉴了丹麦 ABI 的研究，其中与慈善组织和混合组织的合作已被用于动员城市更新地区的边缘化公民。我们发现，到目前为止，与慈善组织和混合组织的合作很少且规模较小，但在涉及社会弱势群体方面似乎很有希望。