Gender inequalities and zoonoses are major concerns in livestock production systems worldwide. Livestock producers are at high risk of zoonotic diseases due to direct and indirect contact with their livestock and livestock products. Gender differences and inequalities in roles, access to and control over resources, decision-making, and cultural norms influence exposure to, perceptions, and management practices for zoonotic disease risks. Using participatory action research, we tested the effectiveness of community conversations in changing gender relations and practices that expose livestock keepers to zoonoses in three districts of rural Ethiopia. Our findings show that community conversations change mindsets and practices regarding gender roles, access to and control over resources, decision-making in households, handling livestock, and consumption of animal-source foods. Behavioral change happens when women and men diagnose and understand the problem, reflect on the beliefs/norms that determine their practices, make shifts in cognitive and emotional mental models, commit, and take actions. This has practical and policy implications for interventions that aim to change behavior. The process requires nurturing collaborative relations, trust-building, community-driven social learning, enhancing local capacities, breaking belief traps, and complementarity to existing interventions.

中文翻译：

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用两只手鼓掌：通过埃塞俄比亚农村的社区对话改变性别关系和人畜共患疾病风险

性别不平等和人畜共患病是全球畜牧生产系统中的主要问题。由于直接和间接接触牲畜和牲畜产品，牲畜生产者面临人畜共患疾病的高风险。角色、资源的获取和控制、决策和文化规范方面的性别差异和不平等会影响人畜共患病风险的暴露、认知和管理实践。通过参与式行动研究，我们测试了社区对话在改变埃塞俄比亚三个农村地区使牲畜饲养者暴露于人畜共患病的性别关系和做法方面的有效性。我们的研究结果表明，社区对话改变了关于性别角色、获取和控制资源、家庭决策、处理牲畜、和动物源性食品的消费。当女性和男性诊断并理解问题、反思决定其行为的信念/规范、改变认知和情感心理模型、做出承诺并采取行动时，就会发生行为改变。这对旨在改变行为的干预措施具有实际和政策意义。该过程需要培养协作关系、建立信任、社区驱动的社会学习、增强当地能力、打破信念陷阱以及与现有干预措施的互补性。这对旨在改变行为的干预措施具有实际和政策意义。该过程需要培养协作关系、建立信任、社区驱动的社会学习、增强当地能力、打破信念陷阱以及与现有干预措施的互补性。这对旨在改变行为的干预措施具有实际和政策意义。该过程需要培养协作关系、建立信任、社区驱动的社会学习、增强当地能力、打破信念陷阱以及与现有干预措施的互补性。