There is consensus that intimate partner homicide (IPH) is a gender crime and that it is one of the most extreme forms of violence. This study aims to identify the differences and similarities between men and women who committed IPH. Data were collected from 75 criminal cases: 12 homicides perpetrated by women against men and 63 by men against women. At the individual level, homicidal women and men showed previous criminal records, substance abuse and psychiatric disorders. The intimate relationships were similar: regarding its duration, they were underway at the time of the IPH, they had a history of previous separations and reconciliations, and also, they had history of abusive dynamics. Regarding the modus operandi of IPH, the victims were mainly killed in the house of the victim and/or the aggressor, usually with a white armour weapon or a firearm and under the influence of substances. Nevertheless, there were specific differentiating factors. Men who committed murder were described as the primary aggressors (79%), while the women who committed murder (46%) were previously documented as victims of intimate partner violence. Attempted suicide/suicide after the homicide was proven in 38% of the IPH offender men, with no women having committed or attempted suicide. The time elapsed between the homicide and the judicial sentence was six times higher for women, and the length of imprisonment was on average three times higher for men. Most of the men were convicted of first-degree murder, while the women were mostly convicted of second-degree murder. Practical implications of the results are discussed.

中文翻译：

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葡萄牙的亲密伴侣凶杀案：男女之间的 (As) 对称性是什么？

人们一致认为，亲密伴侣凶杀 (IPH) 是一种性别犯罪，是最极端的暴力形式之一。本研究旨在确定实施 IPH 的男性和女性之间的差异和相似之处。从 75 起刑事案件中收集了数据：12 起由女性对男性实施的凶杀案和 63 起由男性对女性实施的凶杀案。在个人层面，杀人的女性和男性表现出以前的犯罪记录、药物滥用和精神障碍。亲密关系是相似的：就其持续时间而言，他们在 IPH 期间正在进行，他们有过分离和和解的历史，而且，他们也有虐待动态的历史。关于IPH的作案手法，受害者主要是在受害者和/或侵略者的家中被杀害，通常带有白色盔甲武器或火器并在物质的影响下。尽管如此，还是存在特定的差异化因素。实施谋杀的男性被描述为主要攻击者 (79%)，而实施谋杀的女性 (46%) 以前被记录为亲密伴侣暴力的受害者。38% 的 IPH 罪犯男性在杀人后企图自杀/自杀，没有女性自杀或企图自杀。从凶杀案到判刑之间的时间，女性比男性高 6 倍，男性的监禁时间平均高出 3 倍。大多数男性被判一级谋杀罪，而女性大多被判二级谋杀罪。讨论了结果的实际意义。尽管如此，还是存在特定的差异化因素。实施谋杀的男性被描述为主要攻击者 (79%)，而实施谋杀的女性 (46%) 以前被记录为亲密伴侣暴力的受害者。38% 的 IPH 罪犯男性在杀人后企图自杀/自杀，没有女性自杀或企图自杀。从凶杀案到判刑之间的时间，女性比男性高 6 倍，男性的监禁时间平均高出 3 倍。大多数男性被判一级谋杀罪，而女性大多被判二级谋杀罪。讨论了结果的实际意义。尽管如此，还是存在特定的差异化因素。实施谋杀的男性被描述为主要攻击者 (79%)，而实施谋杀的女性 (46%) 以前被记录为亲密伴侣暴力的受害者。38% 的 IPH 罪犯男性在杀人后企图自杀/自杀，没有女性自杀或企图自杀。从凶杀案到司法判决之间的时间，女性比男性高 6 倍，男性被监禁的时间平均高出 3 倍。大多数男性被判一级谋杀罪，而女性大多被判二级谋杀罪。讨论了结果的实际意义。而实施谋杀的妇女 (46%) 以前被记录为亲密伴侣暴力的受害者。38% 的 IPH 罪犯男性在杀人后企图自杀/自杀，没有女性自杀或企图自杀。从凶杀案到判刑之间的时间，女性比男性高 6 倍，男性的监禁时间平均高出 3 倍。大多数男性被判一级谋杀罪，而女性大多被判二级谋杀罪。讨论了结果的实际意义。而实施谋杀的妇女 (46%) 以前被记录为亲密伴侣暴力的受害者。38% 的 IPH 罪犯男性在杀人后企图自杀/自杀，没有女性自杀或企图自杀。从凶杀案到判刑之间的时间，女性比男性高 6 倍，男性的监禁时间平均高出 3 倍。大多数男性被判一级谋杀罪，而女性大多被判二级谋杀罪。讨论了结果的实际意义。从凶杀案到判刑之间的时间，女性比男性高 6 倍，男性的监禁时间平均高出 3 倍。大多数男性被判一级谋杀罪，而女性大多被判二级谋杀罪。讨论了结果的实际意义。从凶杀案到判刑之间的时间，女性比男性高 6 倍，男性的监禁时间平均高出 3 倍。大多数男性被判一级谋杀罪，而女性大多被判二级谋杀罪。讨论了结果的实际意义。