We provide a systematic country and age group comparison of the gender gap in several generic health indicators and more specific morbidity outcomes. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE), we examined the gender gap in the prevalence of poor self-rated health, chronic health conditions, activity limitations, multimorbidity, pain, heart attacks, diabetes, and depression in three age groups (50–64, 65–79, and 80+) based on linear probability models with and without adjustment for covariates. While women were typically disadvantaged regarding poor self-rated health, chronic health conditions, activity limitations, multimorbidity, pain, and depression, men had a higher prevalence of heart attacks and diabetes. However, the gender gap’s magnitude and sometimes even its direction varied considerably with some age trends apparent. Regarding some health indicators, the gender gap tended to be higher in Southern and Eastern Europe than in Western and Northern Europe. All in all, the presence of a gender health gap cannot be regarded as a universal finding as the gap tended to widen, narrow or even reverse with age depending on the indicator and country.

中文翻译：

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欧洲老龄化社会中的性别健康差距：国家和年龄段的普遍发现？

我们提供了一些国家和年龄组的系统比较，比较了一些通用健康指标和更具体的发病率结果中的性别差异。使用健康，老龄和退休调查（SHARE）的数据，我们检查了自我评价不良的健康状况，慢性健康状况，活动受限，多发性疾病，疼痛，心脏病，糖尿病和抑郁症三者中的性别差距年龄组（50-64、65-79和80+）基于线性概率模型，并带有或不带有协变量调整。尽管女性通常在自我评估的健康状况，慢性健康状况，活动受限，多发病，疼痛和抑郁症方面处于劣势，但男性心脏病发作和糖尿病的患病率更高。然而，性别差距的大小，有时甚至是方向，在某些年龄趋势明显的情况下变化很大。关于一些健康指标，南欧和东欧的性别差距往往高于西欧和北欧。总而言之，性别健康差距的存在不能被认为是普遍的发现，因为随着年龄的增长，差距随着指标和国家的不同而趋于扩大，缩小甚至逆转。