The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between unhealthy lifestyle factors (individual and combined) and multimorbidity stratified by sex, in a national sample representative of Brazilians aged 50 years or older. Data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) baseline, conducted in 2015–2016, were used. Multimorbidity was defined by the existence of two or more of the 19 chronic diseases. Four unhealthy lifestyle factors were considered: (1) at-risk alcohol consumption, (2) current or past smoking, (3) insufficient physical activity and (4) below-recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables. The association between unhealthy lifestyle factors, individual and combined, was assessed by logistic regression. Among the 7918 study participants, the prevalence of multimorbidity was 75.8% (95% CI 73.7–77.7) among women and 58.7% (95% CI 56.0–61.3) among men. Among women, none of the analyzed behaviors presented an independent and statistically significant association (p < 0.05) with multimorbidity. Among men, at-risk alcohol consumption was associated with lower odds of multimorbidity. On the other hand, current or past smoking and insufficient physical activity were associated with greater odds of this condition. In addition, the presence of three or four unhealthy lifestyle factors was associated with greater odds of multimorbidity among men. The results reinforce the need for interventions to promote healthy behaviors among older men with two or more chronic diseases. In addition, it is evident that the health services need to act in an attempt to modify unhealthy behaviors after medical diagnosis of chronic diseases to reduce the risk of future complications.

中文翻译：

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老年人的生活方式因素和多重疾病（ELSI-巴西）


该研究的目的是在代表 50 岁或以上巴西人的全国样本中，评估不健康生活方式因素（单独的和综合的）与按性别分层的多重发病之间的关联。使用了 2015 年至 2016 年进行的巴西老龄化纵向研究 (ELSI-Brazil) 基线数据。多重发病的定义是 19 种慢性疾病中存在两种或两种以上。考虑了四种不健康的生活方式因素：（1）高风险饮酒，（2）当前或过去吸烟，（3）体力活动不足，以及（4）低于建议的水果和蔬菜摄入量。通过逻辑回归评估不健康生活方式因素（个体因素和综合因素）之间的关联。在 7918 名研究参与者中，女性多重发病率为 75.8% (95% CI 73.7–77.7)，男性为 58.7% (95% CI 56.0–61.3)。在女性中，所分析的行为均未与多种疾病存在独立且具有统计学显着性的关联（ p < 0.05）。在男性中，高危饮酒与多种发病率较低有关。另一方面，当前或过去吸烟以及体力活动不足与这种情况的发生几率更大有关。此外，三到四种不健康生活方式因素的存在与男性罹患多种疾病的可能性更大有关。研究结果强调了采取干预措施促进患有两种或多种慢性病的老年男性健康行为的必要性。此外，很明显，卫生服务部门需要采取行动，试图在慢性病诊断后改变不健康的行为，以降低未来并发症的风险。