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A Man’s world? Comparing the structural positions of men and women in an organized criminal network
Crime, Law and Social Change ( IF 1.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-05 , DOI: 10.1007/s10611-020-09910-5
Tomáš Diviák , James A. Coutinho , Alex D. Stivala

The crime gender gap is the difference between the levels of participation of men and women in crime, with men responsible for more crime than women. Recent evidence suggests that the crime gender gap is closing, both in crime in general and in organized crime. However, organized crime differs from other forms of criminal activity in that it entails an organizational structure of cooperation among offenders. Assessing whether the gender gap in organized crime is narrowing is not only about the overall levels of involvement of women, but about their roles and positions within the organized criminal structure, because the involvement of women does not mean that they are in influential positions, or that they have power or access to resources important for the commission of organized crime. This paper uses a social network approach to systematically compare the structural positions of men and women in an organized criminal network. We use a dataset collected by Canadian Law Enforcement consisting of 1390 individuals known or suspected to be involved in organized crime, 185 of whom are women. Our analysis provides evidence for an ongoing gender gap in organized crime, with women occupying structural positions that are generally associated with a lack of power. Overall, women are less present in the network, tend to collaborate with other women rather than with men, and are more often in the disadvantageous position of being connected by male intermediaries. Implications for theory and law enforcement practice are discussed.

中文翻译:

男人的世界?比较有组织犯罪网络中男性和女性的结构性地位

犯罪性别差距是男性和女性参与犯罪的程度之间的差异,男性比女性要负责更多的犯罪。最近的证据表明,犯罪的性别差距正在缩小,无论是在一般犯罪中还是在有组织犯罪中。然而,有组织犯罪不同于其他形式的犯罪​​活动,因为它需要犯罪者之间合作的组织结构。评估有组织犯罪中的性别差距是否正在缩小不仅涉及女性参与的总体水平,还涉及她们在有组织犯罪结构中的角色和职位,因为女性的参与并不意味着她们处于有影响力的职位,或他们有权或获得对实施有组织犯罪很重要的资源。本文使用社交网络方法系统地比较了有组织犯罪网络中男性和女性的结构位置。我们使用加拿大执法部门收集的数据集,其中包含 1390 名已知或涉嫌参与有组织犯罪的个人,其中 185 名是女性。我们的分析为有组织犯罪中持续存在的性别差距提供了证据,女性占据通常与缺乏权力相关的结构性职位。总体而言,女性在网络中的存在较少,倾向于与其他女性合作而不是与男性合作,并且更经常处于被男性中介联系的不利地位。讨论了对理论和执法实践的影响。我们使用加拿大执法部门收集的数据集,其中包含 1390 名已知或涉嫌参与有组织犯罪的个人,其中 185 名是女性。我们的分析为有组织犯罪中持续存在的性别差距提供了证据,女性占据通常与缺乏权力相关的结构性职位。总体而言,女性在网络中的存在较少,倾向于与其他女性合作而不是与男性合作,并且更经常处于被男性中介联系的不利地位。讨论了对理论和执法实践的影响。我们使用加拿大执法部门收集的数据集,其中包含 1390 名已知或涉嫌参与有组织犯罪的个人,其中 185 名是女性。我们的分析为有组织犯罪中持续存在的性别差距提供了证据,女性占据通常与缺乏权力相关的结构性职位。总体而言,女性在网络中的存在较少,倾向于与其他女性合作而不是与男性合作,并且更经常处于被男性中介联系的不利地位。讨论了对理论和执法实践的影响。女性占据通常与缺乏权力相关的结构性职位。总体而言,女性在网络中的存在较少,倾向于与其他女性合作而不是与男性合作,并且更经常处于被男性中介联系的不利地位。讨论了对理论和执法实践的影响。女性占据通常与缺乏权力相关的结构性职位。总体而言,女性在网络中的存在较少,倾向于与其他女性合作而不是与男性合作,并且更经常处于被男性中介联系的不利地位。讨论了对理论和执法实践的影响。
更新日期:2020-08-05
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