Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to assess if in viewing tense, potentially stigmatizing, police-civilian interactions, people bring their own gendered and racial biases, as they form perceptions of officers' use of identity management (IM) strategies, as they relate to officers' competence, warmth and appropriateness of actions.

Design/methodology/approach

In two experimental studies, the authors investigate how the IM strategies used by female and racial minority officers impact officers' ratings of competence, warmth and appropriateness of actions. Utilizing a 2x2x4 design, the authors manipulate officer gender (race), civilian gender (race) and IM strategy used by the officer in a news article describing a police-civilian interaction.

Findings

Not all IM strategies established positive perceptions of officers. Gender and race effects were observed in how officers were seen when they were involved in a tense interaction with a civilian. Female officers were perceived as more appropriate in their actions than male officers. However, Black, female officers were rated as both less warm and appropriate in their actions than White, female officers.

Originality/value

Although policing is seen as a tainted profession, officers' use of IM strategies is understudied. By taking a novel lens of stigmatization and IM strategies as they relate to policing, the authors contribute to how officers may manage their identities as they cope with the stigmatized views of their occupation. Findings have implications for the diversification of law enforcement personnel, as well as building trust and legitimacy between officers and the communities they serve.

中文翻译：

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身份管理在警民互动中的认知：考虑性别和种族的作用

目的

本文的目的是评估在查看紧张的，可能有侮辱性的警察与平民的互动时，人们是否形成了自己的性别偏见和种族偏见，因为他们形成了对警官使用身份管理（IM）策略的看法，因为它们与官员的能力，热情和适当的行动。

设计/方法/方法

在两项实验研究中，作者调查了女性和少数族裔官员使用的IM策略如何影响官员的能力，热情和适当性等级。利用2x2x4的设计，作者操纵了军官在新闻中描述警民互动的性别（种族），平民性别（种族）和IM策略。

发现

并非所有即时消息策略都建立了对军官的积极看法。观察人员在与平民进行紧张互动时如何看待性别和种族影响。人们认为女警官比男警官更适合自己的行动。但是，黑人女警官在行动上不及白人女警官温暖。

创意/价值

尽管警务被视为一项受污染的职业，但军官对即时消息策略的使用却未得到充分研究。通过对与警务相关的污名化和即时消息策略采取新颖的视角，作者为军官在应对被污名化的职业观点时如何管理自己的身份做出了贡献。调查结果对执法人员的多元化以及在官员与他们所服务的社区之间建立信任和合法性具有重要意义。