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Is There Such a Thing as a Hate Crime Paradigm? An Integrative Review of Bias-Motivated Violent Victimization and Offending, Its Effects and Underlying Mechanisms
Trauma, Violence, & Abuse ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-24 , DOI: 10.1177/1524838020979694
Diego A Díaz-Faes 1 , Noemí Pereda 1
Affiliation  

Despite the growing number of bias-motivated violence studies, the evidence available remains limited, and there are several gaps in our understanding of the complex relationship between negative attitudes and biased violence. In addition, the literature on this topic has many facets and nuances and is often contradictory, so it is difficult to obtain a clear overall picture. Research has made good progress in this area, but it still suffers from a lack of systematization and from a highly segmented approach to victimization and offending. To contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the subject, this integrative narrative review provides a critical reappraisal of the theoretical, methodological, and empirical research from a systemic perspective. To this end, 134 academic publications on personality and social psychology, clinical psychology, sociology, criminology, and related disciplines were examined. The evidence suggests that although bias-motivated violence shares characteristics with other types of offensive behavior, it is actually a unique phenomenon due to its background rooted in prejudice, identity, and attitudes in which the intersection of individual, psychosocial, and ecological factors is especially relevant. The impact on the victim and their community is diverse, but it has a series of distinctive severe psychological consequences that significantly reduce the probability that incidents will be reported. Here, we present a series of findings and reflections on bias-motivated violence and provide recommendations for research, practice, and policy.



中文翻译:

有仇恨犯罪范式这样的事情吗?对基于偏见的暴力受害和犯罪、其影响和潜在机制的综合评价

尽管以偏见为动机的暴力研究越来越多,但可用的证据仍然有限,而且我们对消极态度和偏见暴力之间的复杂关系的理解存在一些差距。此外,有关该主题的文献具有多方面和细微差别,而且往往相互矛盾,因此难以获得清晰的整体情况。该领域的研究取得了良好进展,但仍存在缺乏系统化和对受害和冒犯的高度分割的问题。为了有助于更全面地理解该主题,这种综合的叙述性评论从系统的角度对理论、方法和实证研究进行了批判性的重新评估。为此,发表了 134 篇关于人格和社会心理学的学术出版物,研究了临床心理学、社会学、犯罪学和相关学科。证据表明,虽然偏见引发的暴力与其他类型的攻击行为具有共同特征,但由于其背景植根于偏见、身份和态度,其中个人、心理社会和生态因素的交叉尤其突出,因此它实际上是一种独特的现象。相关的。对受害者及其社区的影响是多种多样的,但它具有一系列独特的严重心理后果,大大降低了事件被报告的可能性。在这里,我们展示了一系列关于偏见引发的暴力的发现和反思,并为研究、实践和政策提供了建议。证据表明,虽然偏见引发的暴力与其他类型的攻击行为具有共同特征,但由于其背景植根于偏见、身份和态度,其中个人、心理社会和生态因素的交叉尤其突出,因此它实际上是一种独特的现象。相关的。对受害者及其社区的影响是多种多样的,但它具有一系列独特的严重心理后果,大大降低了事件被报告的可能性。在这里,我们展示了一系列关于偏见引发的暴力的发现和反思,并为研究、实践和政策提供了建议。证据表明,虽然偏见引发的暴力与其他类型的攻击行为具有共同特征,但由于其背景植根于偏见、身份和态度,其中个人、心理社会和生态因素的交叉尤其突出,因此它实际上是一种独特的现象。相关的。对受害者及其社区的影响是多种多样的,但它具有一系列独特的严重心理后果,大大降低了事件被报告的可能性。在这里,我们展示了一系列关于偏见引发的暴力的发现和反思,并为研究、实践和政策提供了建议。以及与个人、心理社会和生态因素的交叉点特别相关的态度。对受害者及其社区的影响是多种多样的,但它具有一系列独特的严重心理后果,大大降低了事件被报告的可能性。在这里,我们展示了一系列关于偏见引发的暴力的发现和反思,并为研究、实践和政策提供了建议。以及与个人、心理社会和生态因素的交叉点特别相关的态度。对受害者及其社区的影响是多种多样的,但它具有一系列独特的严重心理后果,大大降低了事件被报告的可能性。在这里,我们展示了一系列关于偏见引发的暴力的发现和反思,并为研究、实践和政策提供了建议。

更新日期:2021-01-14
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