Planned, state-led population relocation is advanced as an adaptation to climate change. Concerned that climate hazards will threaten settlement viability and provoke widespread, unplanned migration, global discourse overwhelmingly characterizes relocation as a voluntary, “last resort” effort to resettle and rebuild communities in safer areas. Over the past decade, scholars have investigated where and why climate-related relocation materializes and how it functions as an adaptation (or otherwise). This article systematically reviews the scientific literature, concluding that climate-related relocation is a more diverse and complex process than recognized within dominant research efforts and policy narratives. While climate-related relocation is sometimes a function of environmental migration pressures and adaptation imperatives, recent critical scholarship shows that climate-related relocation processes are embedded in historical responses to environment and development problems and unfold through political negotiation, discourse, and the social construction of risk and response. In practice, “adaptive relocation” frequently involves population redistribution (villagization and sedentarization) as well as resettlement, is often proactive and involuntary, and risks (re)producing maladaptive outcomes. Based on this analysis, I argue for an expanded research and policy agenda centered around a pluralistic conceptual framework that respects the diversity of relocation efforts undertaken as adaptation.

有计划的，由国家主导的人口迁移，可以适应气候变化。考虑到气候灾害将威胁到定居点的生存，并引发大规模的，计划外的移民，全球性话语绝大多数将搬迁定性为自愿，“最后手段”，以在更安全的地区重新安置和重建社区。在过去的十年中，学者们研究了与气候有关的迁移在何处，为何会实现，以及它如何作为适应（或其他方式）起作用。本文系统地回顾了科学文献，认为与气候有关的迁移是比主流研究工作和政策叙述所认可的更为多样化和复杂的过程。尽管与气候相关的迁移有时是环境迁移压力和适应要求的函数，最新的批判性学术研究表明，与气候有关的迁移过程已嵌入到对环境和发展问题的历史反应中，并通过政治谈判，讨论以及风险和反应的社会建构而得以展开。在实践中，“适应性搬迁”通常涉及人口的重新分配（村民化和定居）以及重新安置，通常是主动和非自愿的，并且有（重新）产生适应不良结果的风险。基于这一分析，我主张围绕一个多元化的概念框架展开扩大的研究和政策议程，该框架应尊重因适应而采取的搬迁工作的多样性。话语，以及风险和回应的社会建设。在实践中，“适应性搬迁”通常涉及人口的重新分配（村民化和定居）以及重新安置，通常是主动和非自愿的，并且有（重新）产生适应不良结果的风险。基于这一分析，我主张围绕一个多元化的概念框架展开扩大的研究和政策议程，该框架应尊重因适应而采取的搬迁工作的多样性。话语，以及风险和回应的社会建设。在实践中，“适应性搬迁”通常涉及人口的重新分配（村民化和定居）以及重新安置，通常是主动和非自愿的，并且有（重新）产生适应不良结果的风险。基于这一分析，我主张围绕一个多元化的概念框架展开扩大的研究和政策议程，该框架应尊重因适应而采取的搬迁工作的多样性。