The contributions to this special issue cover the period between the second half of the nineteenth century and now. While matters of integrity and fraud certainly attended the study of nature before then, it is during this time that the social, cultural, economic, and political contours that helped shape modern science as a professional field of research and learning emerged, along with the institutions with which scientific research are now associated. Generally speaking, the articles illuminate our theme from three perspectives. Contributions by Buhm Soon Park, Michael Barany, and H. Otto Sibum focus on episodes in which matters of integrity and fraud unfolded within the scientific communities and institutions bounded by these evolving contours. By zeroing in on controversies surrounding questions of how to attain and replicate experimental accuracy, what constitutes scientific authorship and how to assess responsibility for scientific fraud, these authors underscore the complex and contest-ridden character of scientific communities’ practices and judgments regarding what constitutes research integrity and fraud. These three articles are followed by the contributions of Tatjana Buklijas, who focuses on fin de siècle Vienna’s scientific community, and co-authors Mahendra Shahare and Lissa L. Roberts, who turn to the history that brought British imperialism together with the complexities of Indian society in ways that shaped the history of science in India. Their studies show that research integrity and fraud cannot always be understood through an examination that remains within the boundaries of scientific institutions. They point instead to the porosity of those boundaries, through which social, cultural and political interests and values seep, lending form, substance, and force to attitudes, actions, conflicts, and judgments within a community. Finally, Joris Mercelis and co-authors Joseph Gabriel and Bennett Holman begin with the fact that researchers’ work often takes them beyond the official boundaries of scientific institutions and explore the impact that this had on what has been accepted as constituting research integrity. Whether in the case of chemists being called upon to evaluate and endorse commercial products or the history that traces medical science’s reliance on clinical drug testing back to drug companies’ desire to increase profits, these authors highlight the historical impact of traffic between science and commerce.

中文翻译：

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对本期特刊的贡献

本期特刊的投稿涵盖了 19 世纪下半叶至今。虽然在此之前关于诚信和欺诈的问题肯定参与了自然研究，但正是在这个时期，帮助将现代科学塑造为专业研究和学习领域的社会、文化、经济和政治轮廓以及机构出现了科学研究现在与之相关。一般来说，文章从三个角度阐明了我们的主题。Buhm Soon Park、Michael Barany 和 H. Otto Sibum 的贡献集中于在科学界和受这些不断发展的轮廓限制的机构内发生的诚信和欺诈问题。通过关注围绕如何获得和复制实验准确性、什么构成科学作者身份以及如何评估科学欺诈的责任等问题的争议，这些作者强调了科学界关于研究构成的实践和判断的复杂性和竞争性特征诚信和欺诈。这三篇文章之后是 Tatjana Buklijas 的贡献，他专注于维也纳的世纪末科学界，以及共同作者 Mahendra Shahare 和 Lissa L. Roberts，他们转向将英帝国主义与印度社会的复杂性联系在一起的历史以塑造印度科学史的方式。他们的研究表明，研究诚信和欺诈并不总是通过科学机构范围内的检查来理解的。相反，它们指向这些边界的多孔性，社会、文化和政治利益和价值观通过这些边界渗透，为社区内的态度、行动、冲突和判断提供形式、实质和力量。最后，Joris Mercelis 和合著者 Joseph Gabriel 和 Bennett Holman 从研究人员的工作经常使他们超出科学机构的官方界限这一事实开始，并探索这对已被接受的研究诚信构成的影响。