Physicians and surgeons during the nineteenth century were eager to explore the causes of stomach and intestinal illnesses. Theories abounded that there was a sympathy between the mind and the body, especially in the case of the dyspepsia. The body was thought to have physical symptoms from the reactions of the mind, especially in the case of hypochondriasis. Digestive problems had a mental component, but mental anguish could also result from physical problems. Dissertations from aspiring as well as established physicians probed the mental causes of irritable bowel diseases and other diseases in the medical literature. Healing was thought to come from contextualizing the link between the problems of the mind and the resulting physical problems of the body.

中文翻译：

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“胃的声音”：十九世纪的心智、疑病和消化不良理论

19 世纪的内科医生和外科医生渴望探索胃和肠道疾病的原因。有很多理论认为身心之间存在同情，尤其是在消化不良的情况下。人们认为身体会因精神反应而出现身体症状，尤其是在疑病症的情况下。消化问题有精神因素，但精神痛苦也可能由身体问题引起。有抱负的医生和知名医生的论文探讨了医学文献中肠易激疾病和其他疾病的精神原因。人们认为治疗来自于将思想问题与由此产生的身体问题之间的联系置于情境中。