This article summarizes and reviews research on union responses to precarious work in Europe, based on a systematic coding of 56 case study-based articles published between 2008 and 2019. Analyses of these cases suggest two paths to labour market dualism, with the first involving institutional fragmentation and union division, and the second a combination of weak structural power and partnership-oriented union identities. The authors also identify two paths to solidarity, with the result of reduced precarity for peripheral workers: a conflict-based path and a social partnership-based path. Campaigns to organize migrant workers present distinctive institutional and structural challenges to unions, with studies involving migrants most often finding ‘failed solidarity’, in which inclusive organizing fails to reduce precarity. The article integrates these findings with past frameworks on union responses to precarious work and concludes with recommendations for future research.

本文基于对2008年至2019年期间发表的56篇基于案例研究的文章的系统编码，总结并回顾了欧盟对不稳定工作的反应的研究。对这些案例的分析提出了通往劳动力市场二元论的两条途径，第一条涉及体制支离破碎和工会分裂，其二是弱小的结构力量和以伙伴关系为导向的工会身份的结合。作者还确定了两条通往团结的道路，从而减少了对外围工人的不稳定性：基于冲突的道路和基于社会伙伴关系的道路。组织移徙工人的运动给工会带来了独特的制度和结构挑战，涉及移徙者的研究最常发现“失败的团结”，在这种情况下，包容性组织不能减少危险。