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Commercial surrogacy in the age of intensive mothering
Current Sociology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 , DOI: 10.1177/0011392120964909
Heather Jacobson 1
Affiliation  

This study examines the navigation of intensive mothering ideology – the dominant cultural mothering schema in the US which places pressure on mothers to exclusively devote time and energy to their children, casting any other activity as problematic – within the lived experience of a unique cohort of mothers: women paid to gestate and birth babies for others. Based on in-depth interviews with US commercial surrogates, this study adds new depth to the body of research on intensive mothering by extending the arena of examination beyond work/family balance negotiations, where much of the literature is located. US surrogates understand surrogacy, which is rigorous labor, frequently takes time away from their families, and requires support from family members, not as a form of employment but as a ‘selfish pursuit,’ one they primarily engage in out of their own interests and desires. This study finds that the positive moral framework of surrogate labor as ‘altruistic self-sacrifice’ common within the US surrogacy industry and community, the fact that surrogacy is a relatively short-term ‘gig,’ and the healthy monetary compensation surrogates receive that serves as a tangible ‘thank you gift’ to families, help to buffer surrogates from full intensive mothering accountability. The experiences of US surrogates navigating mothering pressures while participating in surrogacy offer a window into how other contemporary US mothers might resist intensive mothering norms while engaging in non-familial and non-employment activities in their lives, activities such as hobbies or personal time away from family.



中文翻译:

强化母亲时代的商业代孕

这项研究考察了强化母亲意识形态的发展历程-美国独特的文化母亲模式,这对母亲施加了压力,使他们不得不专门花费时间和精力给孩子,使其他活动陷入困境-在独特的母亲群体的生活经验中:妇女为他人代孕和生育婴儿付费。基于对美国商业代理人的深入采访,本研究通过将考试领域扩展到工作/家庭平衡谈判之外,从而为强化母亲的研究领域增加了新的深度,那里是许多文献的所在地。美国代理人理解代孕是一项严格的劳动,它经常需要花费时间与家人在一起,并需要家人的支持,这不是一种就业形式,而是一种“自私追求”,他们主要是出于自己的兴趣和欲望进行活动。这项研究发现,代孕劳动的积极道德框架是美国代孕产业和社区中普遍存在的“利他自我牺牲”,代孕是相对短期的“傻瓜”,而代孕人获得健康的金钱补偿则可以起到服务作用作为对家庭的有形“感谢礼物”,有助于减轻来自全面强化母亲责任制的代孕。美国代孕母亲在代孕过程中克服母体压力的经历为了解其他当代美国母亲如何在生活中从事非家庭和非就业活动,业余爱好或个人时间以外的活动时抵制强化的母体规范提供了一个窗口家庭。这项研究发现,代孕劳动的积极道德框架是美国代孕产业和社区中普遍存在的“利他自我牺牲”,代孕是相对短期的“傻瓜”,而代孕人获得健康的金钱补偿则可以起到服务作用作为对家庭的有形“感谢礼物”,有助于减轻来自全面强化母亲责任制的代孕。美国代孕母亲在代孕过程中克服母体压力的经历为了解其他当代美国母亲如何在生活中从事非家庭和非就业活动,业余爱好或个人时间以外的活动时抵制强化的母体规范提供了一个窗口家庭。这项研究发现,代孕劳动的积极道德框架是美国代孕产业和社区中普遍存在的“利他自我牺牲”,代孕是相对短期的“傻瓜”,而代孕人获得健康的金钱补偿则可以起到服务作用作为对家庭的有形“感谢礼物”,有助于减轻来自全面强化母亲责任制的代孕。美国代孕母亲在代孕过程中克服母体压力的经历为了解其他当代美国母亲如何在生活中从事非家庭和非就业活动,业余爱好或个人时间以外的活动时抵制强化的母体规范提供了一个窗口家庭。代孕是一个相对短期的“笑脸”,而代孕所获得的健康的金钱补偿则是对家庭的有形“感谢礼物”,这有助于减轻代孕在全面强化母体问责制中的作用。美国代孕母亲在代孕过程中克服母体压力的经历为了解其他当代美国母亲如何在生活中从事非家庭和非就业活动,业余爱好或个人时间以外的活动时抵制强化的母体规范提供了一个窗口家庭。代孕是一个相对短期的“笑脸”,而代孕所获得的健康的金钱补偿则是对家庭的有形“感谢礼物”,这有助于减轻代孕在全面强化母体问责制中的作用。美国代孕母亲在代孕过程中克服母体压力的经历为了解其他当代美国母亲如何在生活中从事非家庭和非就业活动,业余爱好或个人时间以外的活动时抵制强化的母体规范提供了一个窗口家庭。

更新日期:2021-01-14
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