Using multilevel modeling and data from 26 countries that include 93,439 individual-level responses on social entrepreneurship for the year 2015, we seek to understand how societal-level ethical orientations impact the likelihood of individuals engaging in social entrepreneurship. We develop a multidimensional representation of societal ethics, in that we draw close parallels between the three institutional pillars—normative, cognitive, and regulatory—with three forms of ethics and use this understanding to predict their effects on the demand for and supply of social entrepreneurs. We find that low behavioral ethics (normative ethics) at the societal level provides opportunities for individuals to become social entrepreneurs. Furthermore, while unselfishness (cognitive ethics) motivates individuals to become social entrepreneurs, high public-sector ethics (regulatory ethics) provides the institutional support for such entrepreneurs to thrive. We contribute to cross-cultural comparative entrepreneurship by providing ethical antecedents of social entrepreneurship through a deeper understanding of the influence of ethics as national-level institutions.

中文翻译：

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社会伦理与社会创业：跨文化比较

使用来自 26 个国家的多层次建模和数据，其中包括 2015 年对社会创业的 93,439 个人层面的回应，我们试图了解社会层面的道德取向如何影响个人参与社会创业的可能性。我们开发了社会伦理的多维表征，因为我们将三个制度支柱——规范、认知和监管——与三种形式的伦理进行了密切的比较，并利用这种理解来预测它们对社会企业家供求的影响. 我们发现社会层面的低行为伦理（规范伦理）为个人成为社会企业家提供了机会。此外，虽然无私（认知伦理）激励个人成为社会企业家，高度的公共部门道德（监管道德）为此类企业家的蓬勃发展提供了制度支持。我们通过更深入地了解道德作为国家级机构的影响，提供社会创业的道德前提，为跨文化比较创业做出贡献。